Acetic acida na-akpọkarị ACOH, aha ya bụ isi ihe na-esi na mmanya mmanya, ma bụrụ otu n'ime acid fatty kacha mkpa.Ụdị nke nnwere onwe na okike na-adịkarị n'ọtụtụ osisi.Molecular CH3COOH.Ịmepụta na ojiji nke mmanya nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọtụtụ puku afọ.Na China oge ochie, e dekọrọ ya na mmanya mmanya.Ma acetic acid gbadoro anya bụ akwụkwọ kemịkalụ na-aga nke ọma nke Stahl mepụtara na 1700. Acetic acid dị ọcha bụ mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba ma nwee uto na-agbakasị ahụ.Ebe na-agbaze bụ 16.6 Celsius C, ebe a na-esi esi bụ 117.9 Celsius C, na njupụta ikwu bụ 1.049 (20/4 ° C).Soluble na mmiri, ethanol, glycerin, ether na carbon chloride;enweghị ike soluble na carbonide.A na-ejikọta crickets mmiri na-enweghị mmiri ka ọ bụrụ ice, nke a na-akpọkarị ice acetic acid.Na-emebi emebi.Ọ bụ adịghị ike na organic acid, acidicity nke acid, na nwere ike ime ka esterization mmeghachi omume na mmanya.
Njirimara kemịkalụ:Acetic acid(AcOH) bụ acid carboxylic mono na-adịghị ike.Ọ nwere njirimara njirimara nke carboxylic acid.Ọ na-eji ụfọdụ ọla, metal oxides na hydroxides emeghachi omume iji mepụta nnu.Ọtụtụ acetic acid nwere uru dị mkpa.Basic ferric acetate [Fe (C2H3OO) 6OH (OOCCH3) 2] na [Fe3 (C2H3OO) 6 (OH) 2 (OOCCH3)] na lead acetate ka ejiri mee mordant, na ferrous acetate na-eji maka mbipụta.A na-ewepụ acetic acid na mmanya.Enwere ike ime esterification site na iji hydrocarbon unsaturated n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-akpata.Halogen nwere ike dochie Alpha-hydrogen;Na formaldehyde n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-akpata, n'ime ahịrị akwụkwọ Chemicalbook nke mmanya aldehyde condensation;Mgbe nitric acid na-enweta nitrate na acetic acid, enwere ike imeziwanye ọnụego nitrate.Enwere ike ịmepụta mmeghachi omume na benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride na benzoic acid.Enwere ike iji acetic acid mepụta ụdị dị iche iche dị mkpa, dị ka methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, wdg, bụ ihe mgbaze dị mma na mkpuchi na ụlọ ọrụ agba.Cellulose acetate, nke a na-emepụta site na mmekọrịta nke acetic anhydride na cellulose, nwere ike iji mee ihe nkiri, agba agba na plastik dị iche iche.Enwere ike ịkwadebe Carboxymethyl cellulose site na chloroacetic acid.Acetate vinyl nke acetic acid na acetylene na-emepụta bụ ihe dị mkpa maka njikọ ọgwụ, akwa na ngwa nri, yana ihe mgbaze dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ roba.Acetic acid na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepụta mmepụta ihe na njikọ organic.
Mpaghara ngwa
Ojiji ụlọ ọrụ
1. Acetic acidbụ ngwaahịa kemịkalụ buru ibu ma bụrụ otu n'ime acid Organic kacha mkpa.A na-ejikarị emepụta ethidine, ethyls na ethyl acetate.Enwere ike ịme polyetate ethyl ester ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri na nrapado, ọ bụkwa ihe eji eme ihe maka eriri Velun.Ethyl acetic acid cellulose nwere ike ime silk wuru na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri.
2. The ethyl acetate nke a na-emepụta site na mmanya dị ala bụ ihe mgbaze dị mma ma na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ agba.N'ihi na ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị na-agbaze acetic acid, acetic acid na-ejikarị ihe mgbaze organic (dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka mmepụta phenyl acidic acidic acid acid).
3. Acetic acid nwere ike ji mee ihe ụfọdụ pickled na polished ngwọta, dị ka ihe nchekwa (dị ka galvanizing na chemical nickel plating) na-adịghị ike acid ngwọta, na-agbakwụnye mgbakwunye na a hemuminal na-egbuke egbuke nickel -plated electrolyte, na passivation nke zinc na cadmium The ngwọta nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ nke ihe nkiri passivation ma na-ejikarị ahazi pH nke plating acid na-adịghị ike.
4. A na-eji ya na-emepụta nnu ígwè, dị ka manganese, sodium, lead, aluminum, zinc, cobalt na ọla ndị ọzọ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe na-emepụta ihe, ịcha akwa na ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ akpụkpọ anụ.Fouritic acid lead bụ organic synthetic reagent (dị ka tetraitic acid ụzọ nwere ike iji dị ka oxidant siri ike, isi iyi nke acetyl oxygen, na-akwadebe organic lead ogige, wdg).
5. Acetic acid nwekwara ike-eji dị ka analytical reagents, organic njikọ, pigmenti na ọgwụ njikọ.
Iji nri
N'ụlọ ọrụ nri,acetic acidA na-eji ya dị ka onye na-emepụta acidified.Mgbe a na-eji ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na-emepụta mmanya sịntetik, acetic acid na-agbaze na 4-5%, na-agbakwunye ụdị ụtọ dị iche iche.Dị ọnụ ala.Dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ acid, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ.A na-akwado ya iji mmanya, mkpọ, jelii na cheese.Ị nwekwara ike ịmepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na 0.1 ~ 0.3 g / kg.
Nchekwa na ụgbọ njem
Akpachara anya nchekwa: Chekwaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ, ikuku ikuku.Wepụ ọkụ na okpomọkụ.N'oge oyi, a ga-edobe okpomọkụ n'elu 16 ℃ iji gbochie ike.Debe ihe mkpuchi ahụ.Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ya iche site na oxidant na alkali, ma ghara ịgwakọta ya.A na-anabata ihe ọkụ na-egbochi mgbawa na ikuku ikuku.Ejila akụrụngwa igwe na ngwaọrụ ndị na-enwekarị ọkụ.Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị ịkwado ya na akụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede na-agbapụta na ihe njide kwesịrị ekwesị.
Akpachara anya njem: A ga-ebufe ngwaahịa a site na ụgbọ ala aluminom nke ụlọ ọrụ aluminom nyere n'oge njem ụgbọ oloko, a ga-ekwupụtakwa nkwenye nke ngalaba ndị dị mkpa tupu mbupu.A ga-eme njem ụgbọ oloko na-abụghị mkpọ n'ụzọ siri ike dabere na ndepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị ize ndụ na "Iwu njem ụgbọ njem dị ize ndụ" nke Ministry of Railway.Nkwakọ ngwaahịa kwesịrị ịbụ nke zuru oke na ntinye kwesịrị ịdị mma.Mgbe ị na-ebu njem, hụ na akpa ahụ adịghị ada, daa, daa ma ọ bụ mebie ya.Ụgbọ ala (tank) nke a na-eji eme njem kwesịrị inwe agbụ n'ala, na enwere ike ịhazi nkebi oghere n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala iji belata ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta site na ujo.A machibidoro ya ịgwakọta ya na oxidant, alkali na kemịkalụ oriri.Ụgbọ njem okporo ụzọ kwesịrị ịgbaso ụzọ a chọrọ, anọghị n'ebe obibi na ebe ndị mmadụ juru.
Oge nzipu: Mar-23-2023