Isi ihe
● Rheology nke ọnụọgụ abụọ sulfate na-enweghị surfactant ngwakọta ka ejiri nnwale mara.
● A na-enyocha mmetụta nke pH, ihe mejupụtara na itinye uche nke ionic n'usoro.
● CAPB: SMCT surfactant mass ratio nke 1:0.5 na-ewuli viscosity shiee kacha.
● Ọ dị mkpa itinye uche na nnu dị mkpa iji nweta viscosity kacha mma.
● Ogologo contour Micellar nke a na-enweta site na DWS na-ejikọta nke ọma na viscosity shiee.
Abstract
N'ịchụso usoro ikpo okwu sulfate na-enweghị sulfate na-esote, ọrụ ugbu a na-enye otu n'ime nyocha izizi usoro izizi nke Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) -Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate (SMCT) ngwakọta n'ofe dị iche iche mejupụtara, pH, na ike ionic. CAPB-SMCT aqueous solution (ngụkọta mkpokọta surfactant na-arụ ọrụ nke 8-12 wt.%) ka akwadoro n'ọtụtụ oke ibu nke surfactant, gbanwee na pHs 4.5 na 5.5, ma tinye ya na NaCl. Ntụkwa shii kwụ ọtọ na oscillatory gbanyere viscosity macroscopic shear viscosity, ebe ọ na-ekesa microrheology wave spectroscopy (DWS) nyere ugboro ugboro edozi moduli viscoelastic na njirimara ogologo ogologo micellar. N'okpuru ọnọdụ enweghị nnu, usoro ndị ahụ gosipụtara reology nke Newtonian nwere nnukwu viscosities shiee na CAPB: SMCT nha nha nke 1:0.5, na-egosi nkwalite cationic-anionic headgroup bridging. Iweda pH site na 5.5 ruo 4.5 nyere nnukwu ụgwọ ọrụ dị mma na CAPB, si otú a na-eme ka mgbagwoju anya electrostatic na SMCT anionic zuru oke ma na-amụba netwọk micellar siri ike karị. Mgbakwụnye nnu na-ahazi emegharị emegharị isi otu-isi otu mmejọ, na-ebupụta mgbanwe mgbanwe site na micelles nwere uche gaa na elongated, mkpokọta dị ka worm. Viscosities zero-shear gosipụtara maxima dị iche na oke nnu-to-surfactant (R), na-akọwapụta nguzozi dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti nyocha abụọ nke electrostatic na elongation micellar. DWS microrheology kwadoro nleba anya macroscopic ndị a, na-ekpughe ụdị ụdị Maxwellian dị iche na R ≥ 1, kwekọrọ na usoro nbibi-nchịkọtaghachi na-achị. N'ụzọ doro anya, njikọta na ogologo ntachi obi nọgidere na-adịtụghị agbanwe site na ike ionic, ebe ogologo contour gosipụtara njikọ siri ike na viscosity efu. Nchọpụta ndị a na-emesi ike ọrụ dị oke egwu nke elongation micellar na thermodynamic synergy n'ịchịkwa viscoelasticity mmiri, na-enye usoro maka injinia surfactants na-enweghị sulfate na-arụ ọrụ dị elu site na njikwa ziri ezi nke njupụta ụgwọ, ihe mejupụtara, na ọnọdụ ionic.
Ihe osise eserese
Okwu mmalite
Sistemu mmiri mmiri mmiri na-ahụ maka ọnụọgụ abụọ nke mejupụtara ụdị ebubo na-emegiderịta onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu n'ọtụtụ ngalaba mmepụta ihe, gụnyere ịchọ mma, ọgwụ, agrochemicals na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nri. Nkwekọrịta zuru ebe niile nke sistemu ndị a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi sitere na arụmọrụ interfacial na rheological ha dị elu, nke na-enyere aka ịkwalite arụmọrụ n'ụdị usoro dị iche iche. Nchikota onwe nke synergistic nke ndị dị otú ahụ surfactants n'ime wormlike, nchịkọta jikọtara ọnụ na-enye ihe onwunwe macroscopic nke ukwuu, gụnyere mmụba viscoelasticity na mbelata esemokwu ihu. Karịsịa, nchikota nke anionic na zwitterionic surfactants na-egosipụta nkwalite mmekọrịta n'ime ọrụ elu, viscosity, na mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu. Àgwà ndị a na-ebilite site na mkpali electrostatic na stric mmekọrịta dị n'etiti polar isi otu na hydrophobic ọdụ nke surfactants, iche na otu-surfactant usoro, ebe-asọ asọ electrostatic agha na-emekarị na-amachi kacha arụmọrụ.
Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+(C)CC([O-])=O) bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụdị amphoteric n'ụdị ihe ịchọ mma n'ihi ịdị ọcha ya dị nro yana ihe na-edozi ntutu. Ọdịdị zwitterionic nke CAPB na-enyere aka mmekọrịta electrostatic na anionic surfactants, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike ụfụfụ na-akwalite ịrụ ọrụ nhazi dị elu. N'ime iri afọ ise gara aga, ngwakọta CAPB na sulfate dabeere surfactants, dị ka CAPB-sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), aghọwo ntọala na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị irè nke sulfate dabeere surfactants, nchegbu banyere ha dermal iyatesịt na ọnụnọ nke 1,4-dioxane, a sitere na ethoxylation usoro, akpali mmasị na sulfate-free uzo ozo. Ndị na-ekwe nkwa na-agụnye surfactants dabere na amino acid, dị ka taurates, sarcosinates, na glutamates, nke na-egosipụta nkwalite biocompatibility na ihe ndị dị nro [9]. Ka o sina dị, nnukwu ndị isi pola dị iche iche nke usoro ndị a na-egbochikarị imepụta ihe owuwu micellar gbakọtara nke ukwuu, na-achọ ka a na-eji ihe ngbanwe reological.
Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; SMILES:
CCCCCCCCCCCC (= O) N (C) CCS (= O) (= O) O[Na]) bụ anion surfactant arụpụtara dị ka nnu sodium site na njikọ amide nke N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) na eriri acid fatty sitere na aki oyibo. SMCT nwere isi otu taurine jikọtara amide n'akụkụ otu siri ike anionic sulfonate otu, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ biodegradable yana dakọtara na pH anụ ahụ, nke na-edobe ya dị ka onye na-ekwe nkwa maka usoro sulfate na-enweghị. A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme taurate site na nkwụsi ike ha, nkwụghachi mmiri siri ike, ịdị nwayọọ, na nkwụsi ike pH sara mbara.
Usoro rheological, gụnyere viscosity shiee, viscoelastic moduli, na mbelata nrụgide, dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta nkwụsi ike, udidi, na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa dabere na surfactant. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, viscosity dị elu nwere ike melite njide mkpụrụ, ebe nrụgide mkpụrụ na-achịkwa nrapagidesi ike na akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ ntutu gachara ngwa ngwa. A na-eji ọtụtụ ihe emeziwanye njirimara rheological macroscopic ndị a, gụnyere itinye uche nke surfactant, pH, okpomọkụ, na ọnụnọ nke ihe mgbaze ma ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye. Surfactants ebubo megidere ya nwere ike nweta mgbanwe dị iche iche nke microstructural, sitere na micelles na vesicles dị okirikiri ruo n'usoro kristal mmiri, nke, n'aka nke ya, na-emetụta nnukwu usoro ọmụmụ. Ngwakọta nke amphoteric na anionic surfactants na-etolitekarị wormlike micelles (WLMs), nke na-ebuli ihe ndị nwere viscoelastic nke ukwuu. Ịghọta mmekọrịta microstructure-ihe onwunwe dị oke mkpa maka ịkwalite arụmọrụ ngwaahịa.
Ọtụtụ nyocha nnwale enyochala sistemụ ọnụọgụ abụọ, dịka CAPB-SLES, iji kọwapụta ntọala microstructural nke akụrụngwa ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Mitrinova et al. [13] micelle size (hydrodynamic radius) jikọtara ya na viscosity ngwọta na CAPB-SLES-ọkara-chain co-surfactant ngwakọta na-eji rheometry na ike ịgbasa ọkụ (DLS). Rheometry nke igwe na-enye nghọta na evolushọn microstructural nke ngwakọta ndị a yana enwere ike ịbawanye ya site na microrheology ngwa anya site na iji diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) nke na-agbatị ngalaba ugboro ole enwere ike ịnweta, na-ewere ọnọdụ dị mkpụmkpụ nke dabara na usoro ntụrụndụ WLM. Na microrheology DWS, a na-enyocha ntụgharị square nke nyocha colloidal agbakwunyere ka oge na-aga, na-eme ka mmịpụta linear viscoelastic moduli nke okirikiri gbara ya gburugburu site na mmekọrịta Stokes-Einstein. Usoro a na-achọ naanị obere nlele nlele ma si otú a bara uru maka ịmụ ihe mgbagwoju anya nke nwere oke ihe onwunwe dị, dịka nhazi nke protein. Nyocha nke <Δr²(t)> data n'ofe ogologo ụdịdị dị iche iche na-eme ka nleba anya nke paramita micellar dị ka nha ntupu, ogologo njikọ, ogologo nnọgidesi ike, na ogologo nkuku. Amin et al gosipụtara na ngwakọta CAPB-SLES kwekọrọ na amụma sitere na tiori Cates, na-egosi mmụba pụtara ìhè na viscosity na mgbakwunye nnu ruo mgbe ntinye nnu dị oke egwu, karịa nke viscosity na-agbadata nke ọma - nzaghachi na-ahụkarị na sistemu WLM Xu na Amin jiri igwe rheometry na DWS nyochaa SLES-CAPB-CCB-CCB na-ekpughere nzaghachi SLES-CAPB-CCB na-ekpughere mmeghachi omume WLM. nguzobe, bụ nke akwadoro n'ihu site na paramita microstructural enwetara site na nha DWS. N'ịkwado usoro ndị a, ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a na-ejikọta rheometry na-arụ ọrụ na DWS microrheology iji kọwapụta ka nhazigharị microstructural si akwalite àgwà shear nke ngwakọta CAPB-SMCT.
N'iburu n'uche na-arị elu ọchịchọ maka ndị na-asachapụ nwayọọ na ndị ọzọ na-adigide, nyocha nke anionic surfactants na-enweghị sulfate enwetala ume ọhụrụ n'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka nhazi. Ihe owuwu ihe omimi dị iche iche nke sistemu na-enweghị sulfate na-ebutekarị profaịlụ reological dị iche iche, na-agbagha usoro ọdịnala maka nkwalite viscosity dị ka site na nnu ma ọ bụ ịgbanye polymeric. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Yorke et al. enyochala usoro ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke sulfate site n'usoro nyocha nke ọma gbasara ụfụfụ na akụrụngwa nke ọnụọgụ abụọ na ternary surfactant ngwakọta nke na-egosipụta alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG), na lauryl hydroxysultaine. Oke 1: 1 nke AOS-sultaine gosiri njiri mara mma na ụfụfụ na CAPB-SLES, na-egosi nhazi WLM. Rajput et al. [26] tụlere sulfate ọzọ nke anionic surfactant na-enweghị sulfate, sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), n'akụkụ nonionic co-surfactants (cocamide diethanolamine na lauryl glucoside) site na DLS, SANS, na rheometry. Ọ bụ ezie na SCGLY naanị kpụrụ micelles na-enwekarị okirikiri, mgbakwunye na-arụkọ ọrụ na-enyere aka wulite morphologies micellar gbagwojuru anya karị, nke nwere ike ime mgbanwe pH na-ebute.
N'agbanyeghị ọganihu ndị a, nyocha ole na ole elekwasịla anya na njirimara reological nke sistemu sulfate na-adigide nke gụnyere CAPB na taurates. Ihe omumu a bu n’obi imeju oghere a site n’inye otu n’ime njirimara izizi usoro izizi nke CAPB-SMCT ọnụọgụ abụọ. Site n'usoro dị iche iche ihe mejupụtara surfactant, pH, na ike ionic, anyị na-akọwapụta ihe ndị na-achịkwa viscosity shear na viscoelasticity. N'iji igwe rheometry na DWS microrheology, anyị na-agụta nhazigharị microstructural na-adabere na omume shear nke ngwakọta CAPB-SMCT. Nchọpụta ndị a na-akọwapụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti pH, CAPB-SMCT, na ọkwa ionic n'ịkwalite ma ọ bụ na-egbochi nhazi WLM, si otú a na-enye nghọta bara uru n'ịhazi profaịlụ reological nke ngwaahịa dabere na surfactant maka ngwa mmepụta ihe dị iche iche.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-05-2025