I.Nchịkọta Ụlọ Ọrụ na Ọganihu Teknụzụ
Polyacrylamide (PAM), dịka otu n'ime kemịkalụ kachasị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri, enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu na mmepụta teknụzụ na ngwa ahịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Dịka akụkọ nyocha ahịa kachasị ọhụrụ si kwuo, ahịa PAM zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru ijeri dọla $4.58 na 2023 ma a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eto ruo ijeri dọla $6.23 na 2028, yana ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 6.3%. Ngalaba ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-eme ihe karịrị 65% nke oriri zuru oke, na-eje ozi dị ka isi ihe na-akpata uto ụlọ ọrụ.
1. Ihe ndị e mere na Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
Na 2023, otu ndị nyocha si Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ nke China bipụtara ihe ndị dị mkpa na *Mmiri Okike*, wee mepụta ihe APAM ọhụrụ nwere njirimara "mmetụta smart". Site na iji teknụzụ mbipụta molekul, ngwaahịa a nwere ike ịgbanwe nhazi molekul ya na akpaghị aka dabere na ụdị ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe na mmiri, na-eme ka arụmọrụ mwepụ ion ígwè dị arọ dịkwuo mma site na 40%, karịsịa dabara adaba maka igwu mmiri mkpofu. Data ubi sitere na ọrụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ọla kọpa na Jiangxi gosiri na ihe a nwetara mwepụ ion ọla kọpa 99.2% ebe ọ na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ site na 35%.
N'otu oge ahụ, Mitsubishi Chemical nke Japan webatara usoro APAM nke na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nke na-eme ka arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike na 80-120°C, na-edozi nsogbu teknụzụ na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nke mmanụ na gas. Ngwaahịa a gosipụtara arụmọrụ pụrụ iche na sistemụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri nke Saudi Aramco, na-eme ka ọsọ nhazi floc dịkwuo elu site na 50% ma belata oge ịnọdụ ala ruo ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngwaahịa nkịtị.
2. Mmelite Teknụzụ na Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Ngalaba ọgwụgwọ sludge ahụla mgbanwe dị iche iche. Na mbido afọ 2024, BASF nke Germany wepụtara ngwaahịa CPAM nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke nwere oke ibu molekul karịrị nde Daltons iri abụọ. Site na teknụzụ njikọ pụrụ iche, ngwaahịa a na-emepụta usoro netwọk dị oke n'oge nhicha mmiri sludge, na-enweta ọdịnaya mmiri sludge mgbe mmiri dechara mmiri n'okpuru 58% - mmụba pasentị iri karịa ngwaahịa nkịtị. Mgbe ọ nabatara teknụzụ a, Paris Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant mụbara ikike ọgwụgwọ sludge site na 30% ebe ọ na-ebelata oriri kemịkalụ site na 15%.
Ihe kacha pụta ìhè bụ na otu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Dutch mepụtara CPAM biosynthetic site na iji teknụzụ CRISPR na-edezi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. E mepụtara ya site na *E. coli* fermentation, usoro a na-ezere ojiji monomer acrylamide kpamkpam, na-ebelata nsí gburugburu ebe obibi nke ngwaahịa site na 90% ma na-ebelata ikuku carbon site na 65% n'oge mmepụta. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa ugbu a ka dị ihe dị ka 20% karịa usoro mmepụta kemịkalụ, a na-atụ anya uru dị ukwuu na asọmpi mgbe a na-emepụta ya n'ọtụtụ ọkwa tupu 2026.
3. Ngwa Nonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM) Gbasara ya
NPAM gosipụtara uru pụrụ iche na ọgwụgwọ mmiri pụrụ iche. Na ngwụcha afọ 2023, Dow Chemical webatara usoro NPAM nke nwere mmetụta pH nke na-agbanwe ndọtị nke molekul n'ime pH 2-12 na akpaghị aka, na-eme ka arụmọrụ njide ihe siri ike nke nano-scale dịkwuo mma ugboro 3-5. Ejirila teknụzụ a mee ihe nke ọma na nkwadebe mmiri dị ọcha maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor, na-enweta ụkpụrụ mma mmiri nke 18.2 MΩ·cm.
Ndị nchọpụta South Korea mepụtara NPAM a na-ahụ anya nke nwere ike imebi ìhè site n'iwebata nkeji nhazi azobenzene. Polymer ndị fọdụrụ nwere ike ịgbaze ka ọ bụrụ obere ihe mejupụtara molekul n'ime awa 48 n'okpuru ìhè eke, na-edozi nsogbu PAM ọdịnala kpamkpam. A nwaleela teknụzụ a na ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ọṅụṅụ ụfọdụ na Seoul, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-abụ azụmaahịa na 2025.
II. Mgbanwe Ahịa na Mmepe Mpaghara
1. Mgbanwe na Ọdịdị Ahịa Ụwa
Mpaghara Eshia na Pasifik aghọọla ahịa PAM kacha eto ngwa ngwa, nke ruru 46% nke oriri zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2023, ebe China na-enye aka na mmụba kachasị. Data sitere na China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation na-egosi na mmepụta PAM nke China ruru tọn 920,000 na 2023, ebe mbubata na-anọgide na-enwe ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 15% - karịsịa maka ngwaahịa CPAM dị elu, ebe ntụkwasị obi mbubata ka dị elu ruo 40%.
Ahịa Yuropu na-egosi usoro dị iche iche. Site na iwu siri ike gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, ngwaahịa PAM ndị a na-ere ere mụbara òkè ahịa site na 8% na 2020 ruo 22% na 2023. Veolia nke France kwupụtara atụmatụ iji dochie CPAM ọdịnala kpamkpam na nhọrọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ka ọ na-erule 2026.
Ahịa North America, nke mmepe gas shale na-akwalite, ka na-aga n'ihu na-achọ APAM siri ike. Mbubata US PAM mụbara site na 18% na 2023, ebe ejiri 60% mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nke mmanụ na gas. Nke a pụtara ìhè bụ na Mexico apụtala dị ka ebe mmepụta ọhụrụ, ebe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na-eguzobe ntọala mmepụta mpaghara.
2. Ọnụ ahịa na Mgbanwe Usoro Ngwakọta
Site na 2023 ruo 2024, ahịa ihe eji emepụta PAM nwere nnukwu mgbanwe. Ọnụ ahịa Acrylamide monomer ruru elu akụkọ ihe mere eme na Q3 2023 mana ọ laghachiri n'ọkwa ezi uche dị na ya site na Q2 2024 ka China tinyere ikike mmepụta ọhụrụ. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ahịa cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) gara n'ihu na-arị elu n'ihi oke ọkọnọ propylene oxide dị n'elu, na-amụba ọnụ ahịa mmepụta CPAM site na 12-15%.
Banyere usoro ọkọnọ, ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mere ka njikọta kwụ ọtọ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa. Solvay Group tinyere ego ruru nde euro 300 n'ime ntọala mmepụta ọhụrụ agbakwunyere na Belgium, na-eme ka mmepụta usoro zuru oke site na acrylonitrile ruo na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. A tụrụ anya na a ga-amalite na 2025, nke a ga-ebelata ọnụ ahịa zuru oke site na 20%. Ụlọ ọrụ nta na ọkara gbanwere gaa na ọkachamara - dịka ọmụmaatụ, Italmatch nke Italy lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta usoro APAM pụrụ iche maka iwepụ nnu mmiri.
Oge ozi: Mee-09-2025