I.Nleba anya ụlọ ọrụ yana ọganihu teknụzụ
Polyacrylamide (PAM), dịka otu n'ime kemịkalụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri kachasị mkpa, enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu na mmepụta teknụzụ na ngwa ahịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Dabere na akụkọ nyocha ahịa kachasị ọhụrụ, ahịa PAM zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru $ 4.58 ijeri na 2023 ma na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eto $ 6.23 ijeri site na 2028, yana mmụba na-abawanye kwa afọ nke 6.3%. Ngalaba ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-akpata ihe karịrị 65% nke mkpokọta oriri, na-eje ozi dị ka isi ihe na-akpata uto ụlọ ọrụ.
1. Ọganihu na Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
Na 2023, otu nyocha sitere na Mahadum Sayensị na Nkà na Ụzụ nke China bipụtara nchoputa dị ịrịba ama na *Nature Water*, na-emepe akwụkwọ APAM akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ọma nwere njirimara "nzaghachi dị nro". N'iji teknụzụ akara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ngwaahịa a nwere ike ịhazigharị nhazi ya ozugbo dabere na ụdị mmetọ mmiri na-emetọ, na-eme ka nrụpụta ion dị arọ dị arọ site na 40%, nke dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu. Ihe omuma nke ubi sitere na oru ngo ngwọ mmiri ahihia ọla kọpa na Jiangxi gosiri na ihe a nwetara 99.2% ion ọla kọpa na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ site na 35%.
N'otu oge ahụ, Mitsubishi Chemical nke Japan webatara usoro APAM na-eguzogide okpomọkụ nke na-ejigide arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike na 80-120ºC, na-agwa ihe ịma aka ọrụ aka na ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmanụ na gas. Ngwaahịa a gosipụtara arụmọrụ pụrụ iche na sistemu mmiri na-ahụ maka mmiri mmanụ Saudi Aramco, na-eme ka nhazi floc dị ngwa site na 50% yana ibelata oge idozi ruo ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngwaahịa a na-ahụkarị.
2. Nkwalite teknụzụ na Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Ngalaba ọgwụgwọ sludge ahụla mgbanwe mgbanwe. Na mbido 2024, BASF nke Jamanị weputara ngwaahịa CPAM dị arọ nke dị elu dị elu nke nwere oke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe karịrị nde 20 Daltons. Site na teknụzụ na-ejikọ ọnụ pụrụ iche, ngwaahịa a na-etolite sistemu netwọkụ siri ike n'oge sludge dewatering, na-enweta ọdịnaya mmiri mmiri na-ekpochapụ sludge n'okpuru 58% — mmụba pasent 10 karịa ngwaahịa a na-emekarị. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị teknụzụ a, Osisi Ọgwụ na-ahụ maka mmiri mkpofu nke obodo Paris mụbara ikike ọgwụgwọ sludge site na 30% ma na-ebelata oriri kemịkal site na 15%.
Karịsịa, mmalite Dutch mepụtara CPAM biosynthetic site na iji teknụzụ na-edezi mkpụrụ ndụ CRISPR. Emepụtara ya site na injinia * E. coli * gbaa ụka, usoro a na-ezere kpam kpam iji acrylamide monomer, na-ebelata ecotoxicity ngwaahịa site na 90% na ibelata ikuku carbon site na 65% n'oge mmepụta. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa dị ugbu a ka dị ~ 20% dị elu karịa ụzọ njikọ kemịkalụ, a na-atụ anya uru asọmpi dị ukwuu ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-enweta mmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ site na 2026.
3. Ngwa gbasaara nke Nonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM)
NPAM gosipụtara uru pụrụ iche na ọgwụgwọ mmiri pụrụ iche. N'ọgwụgwụ 2023, Dow Chemical webatara usoro NPAM nwere mmetụta pH nke na-edozi ndọtị molekụla na-akpaghị aka n'ime pH 2-12, na-emeziwanye nano-ọnụ ọgụgụ siri ike kwụsịrị ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma site na ugboro 3-5. E tinyela teknụzụ a nke ọma na nkwadebe mmiri ultrapure maka ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor, na-enweta ụkpụrụ ogo mmiri nke 18.2 MΩ · cm.
Ndị nyocha South Korea mepụtara NPAM na-ahụ anya-ọkụ site na iwebata ngalaba nhazi azobenzene. Ndị polymer fọdụrụnụ nwere ike ịdaba n'ime ogige obere-molecule n'ime awa 48 n'okpuru ọkụ eke, na-edozi okwu ndị fọdụrụnụ PAM kpamkpam. Ebugharịla teknụzụ a n'ime osisi mmiri ọṅụṅụ Seoul họrọ, yana azụmaahịa na-atụ anya ya site na 2025.
II. Mgbanwe ahịa na mmepe mpaghara
1. Mgbanwe na Ala Ahịa Global
Mpaghara Asia-Pacific abụrụla ahịa PAM na-eto ngwa ngwa, na-aza 46% nke oriri zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2023, ebe China na-enye aka n'ọtụtụ uto. Data sitere na China Petroleum na Chemical Industry Federation na-egosi mmepụta PAM nke China ruru tọn 920,000 na 2023, yana mbubata na-ejigide ọnụego uto 15% kwa afọ - ọkachasị maka ngwaahịa CPAM dị elu, ebe ndabere mbubata ka dị elu dị ka 40%.
Ahịa Europe na-egosi usoro dị iche iche. Site n'ụkpụrụ iwu gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike, ngwaahịa PAM na-emebi emebi mụbara oke ahịa site na 8% na 2020 ruo 22% na 2023. Veolia France kwupụtara atụmatụ iji dochie CPAM ọdịnala n'ụzọ zuru oke site na 2026.
Ahịa North America, nke mmepe shale gas na-akwalite, na-aga n'ihu na-achọ APAM siri ike. Mbubata US PAM toro 18% na 2023, yana 60% ejiri ya mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmanụ na gas. N'ụzọ doro anya, Mexico apụtala dị ka ebe nrụpụta ọhụrụ, yana ọtụtụ mba dị iche iche na-eguzobe ntọala mmepụta mpaghara.
2. Ịdị ọnụ ahịa na ntinye ego
Site na 2023 ruo 2024, ahịa akụrụngwa PAM nwere mgbanwe dị ukwuu. Ọnụ ahịa Acrylamide monomer ruru nnukwu akụkọ ihe mere eme na Q3 2023 mana laghachiri na ọkwa ezi uche dị na ya site na Q2 2024 ka China gbakwunyere ikike nrụpụta ọhụrụ. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ahịa cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) gara n'ihu na-arị elu n'ihi ọkọnọ propylene oxide siri ike, na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa mmepụta CPAM site na 12-15%.
Banyere ụdọ ọkọnọ, ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ kwalitere njikọta kwụ ọtọ. Solvay Group tinyere €300 nde na ntọala nrụpụta ọhụrụ agbakwunyere na Belgium, na-eme ka nrụpụta usoro zuru oke sitere na acrylonitrile ruo ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. Atụrụ anya ịmalite na 2025, nke a ga-ebelata ọnụ ahịa zuru oke site na 20%. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị nta na ndị na-ajụ obere tụgharịrị gaa n'ichepụta - dịka ọmụmaatụ, Italmatch nke Italy lekwasịrị anya na ịmepụta usoro APAM pụrụ iche maka ịsa mmiri mmiri.
Oge nzipu: Mee-09-2025