OXALIC Acid

Asịd Oxalicbụ ihe dị ndụ. Ụdị kemịkalụ ya bụ H₂C₂O₄. Ọ bụ ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ọ bụ asịd na-adịghị ike nke nwere akụkụ abụọ. A na-ekesa ya nke ọma n'ahụ osisi, anụmanụ, na fungal. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na ihe dị ndụ dị iche iche. Ya mere, a na-ewerekarị oxalic acid dị ka ihe na-egbochi nnabata na ojiji nke ihe ndị dị n'ime mineral. Anhydride ya bụ carbon trioxide.

Àgwà:Mpempe akwụkwọ monoclinic na-enweghị agba ma ọ bụ kristal prismatic ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha, oxalic acid enweghị isi site na oxidation, uto oxalic acid site na njikọta. Sublimation na 150 ~ 160 ℃. Enwere ike iwepụ ya na ikuku kpọrọ nkụ ọkụ. A na-agbaze 1g na mmiri 7mL, mmiri esi 2mL, ethanol 2.5mL, ethanol esi 1.8mL, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, na-agbaze na benzene, chloroform na petroleum ether. 0.1mol/L ngwọta nwere pH nke 1.3. Njupụta dị n'etiti (mmiri = 1) bụ 1.653. Ebe ịgbaze 189.5 ℃.

Njirimara kemịkalụ:A na-ahụ Oxalic acid, nke a makwaara dị ka glycolic acid, n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ihe oriri osisi. Oxalic acid bụ kristal kọlụm na-enweghị agba, nke a na-agbaze na mmiri kama ịgbaze na ihe mgbaze organic dịka ether,

Oxalate nwere mmetụta siri ike na nhazi, ọ bụkwa ụdị ihe ọzọ na-eme ka ígwè dị n'ime nri osisi. Mgbe ejikọtara oxalic acid na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị n'ime ala alkaline, ike ịgbaze ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu, dịka calcium oxalate fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgbaze na mmiri. Ya mere, ọnụnọ nke oxalic acid nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na bioavailability nke mineral ndị dị mkpa; Mgbe ejikọtara oxalic acid na ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị n'ime ígwè mgbanwe, a na-emepụta ihe ndị na-agbaze n'ihi ọrụ nhazi nke oxalic acid, ike ịgbaze ha na-amụbakwa nke ukwuu.

Oxalic acid malitere ịmịpụta n'ime mmiri na 100℃, na-amịpụta n'ime mmiri ngwa ngwa na 125℃, ma na-amịpụta n'ime mmiri nke ukwuu na 157℃, wee malite ire ere.

Nwere ike imeghachi omume na alkali, nwee ike imepụta esterification, acyl halogenation, na amide reaction. Mmeghachi omume mbelata nwekwara ike ime, mmeghachi omume decarboxylation nwekwara ike ime n'okpuru okpomọkụ. Anhydrous oxalic acid bụ hygroscopic. Oxalic acid na-emepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya mmiri na ọtụtụ ọla.

Oxalate a na-ahụkarị:1, Sodium oxalate;2, Potassium oxalate;3, Calcium oxalate;4, Ferrous oxalate;5, Antimony oxalate;6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate;7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Ngwa:

1. Ihe na-eme ka ihe dị mgbagwoju anya, ihe na-ekpuchi ihe, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro, ihe na-ebelata ihe. A na-eji ya maka ikpebi beryllium, calcium, chromium, gold, manganese, strontium, thorium na ion ígwè ndị ọzọ. Nyocha Picocrystal maka sodium na ihe ndị ọzọ. Mee ka calcium, magnesium, thorium na ihe ndị dị n'ụwa dị ụkọ dị na mmiri. Ngwọta ọkọlọtọ maka nhazi nke potassium permanganate na ngwọta cerous sulfate. Bleach. Enyemaka agba. Enwere ike iji ya wepụ nchara na uwe n'ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ tupu ịchacha mkpuchi mgbidi mpụta, n'ihi na alkaline mgbidi siri ike kwesịrị ibu ụzọ tee oxalic acid alkali.

2. Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ eji emepụta aureomycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, borneol, vitamin B12, phenobarbital na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta na agba agba ejiri dị ka ihe enyemaka agba, ihe na-eme ka ọbara dị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka ahụike dị n'etiti. Ụlọ ọrụ plastik maka mmepụta PVC, amino plastik, urea - plastik formaldehyde.

3. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-akpali mmepụta resin phenolic, mmeghachi omume catalytic ahụ dị obere, usoro ahụ kwụsiri ike, oge ya dịkwa ogologo. Ngwọta Acetone oxalate nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ nke epoxy resin dị mkpụmkpụ ma belata oge ọgwụgwọ. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka resin urea formaldehyde sịntetik, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator. Enwere ike itinye ya na polyvinyl formaldehyde ihe na-agbaze mmiri iji melite ọsọ nkụ na ike njikọ. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe na-agwọ resin urea formaldehyde, ihe na-eme ka ion ion dị n'ime ígwè. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-ejikọ starch na KMnO4 oxidant iji mee ka ọnụego oxidation dịkwuo ngwa ngwa ma belata oge mmeghachi omume.

Dịka ihe na-eme ka ọbara dị ọcha:

A na-ejikarị Oxalic acid eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ebelata ihe na bleach, a na-eji ya emepụta ọgwụ nje na borneol na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, yana ịchacha ihe mgbaze ígwè dị ụkọ, ihe na-ebelata agba, ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro, wdg.

A pụkwara iji oxalic acid mee ihe n'imepụta ihe ndị na-eme ka cobalt-molybdenum-aluminum dị ọcha, ihicha ọla na mabụl, na ịchacha ákwà.

A na-eji ya maka nhicha na ọgwụgwọ elu ígwè, mwepụ ihe dị n'ụwa dị ụkọ, ibipụta ákwà na agba agba, nhazi akpụkpọ anụ, nkwadebe ihe na-akpali akpali, wdg.

Dịka onye na-ebelata ihe:

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ndị sitere n'okike, a na-ejikarị hydroquinone, pentaerythritol, cobalt oxalate, nickel oxalate, gallic acid na ngwaahịa kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ eme ihe.

Ụlọ ọrụ plastik maka mmepụta PVC, amino plastik, urea - plastik formaldehyde, agba, wdg.

A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ agba agba emepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Ụlọ ọrụ ibipụta akwụkwọ na agba agba nwere ike dochie acetic acid, nke a na-eji dị ka ihe enyemaka agba agba, ihe na-eme ka ọbara dị ọcha.

Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ maka imepụta aureomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, na ephedrine.

Tinyere nke ahụ, enwere ike iji oxalic acid mee ihe na mmepụta nke ụdị oxalate ester dị iche iche, oxalate na oxalamide, diethyl oxalate, sodium oxalate, calcium oxalate na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ bụkwa ndị kacha emepụta ihe.

Usoro nchekwa:

1. Mechie ya n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ ma dị jụụ. Ọ na-anaghị egbochi mmiri nke ọma, ọ naghị egbochi mmiri, ọ naghịkwa egbochi anyanwụ. Okpomọkụ nchekwa ekwesịghị ịgafe 40℃.

2. Debe ya ebe dị anya site na oxides na ihe alkaline. Jiri akpa polypropylene a kpara akpa nke ejiri akpa plastik kpuchie, nke ruru 25kg kwa akpa.

N'ozuzu, oxalic acid bụ kemịkalụ dị iche iche nke nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe ndị dị na ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ kacha mma maka nhicha, imecha na ịcha ọcha, ọ nwekwara ọtụtụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ákwà, ubi na ọrụ ígwè. Agbanyeghị, a ga-emerịrị ihe nchebe mgbe a na-eji kemịkalụ a, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-egbu egbu ma nwee ike ibute nsogbu ma ọ bụrụ na ejighị ya nke ọma.