Polyurethane bụ ihe kemịkal ọhụrụ dị mkpa. N'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị mma na ojiji ya dị iche iche, a maara ya dị ka "plastik nke ise kachasị ukwuu". Site na arịa ụlọ, uwe, ruo na njem, owuwu ụlọ, egwuregwu, na owuwu ụgbọelu na nchekwa mba, ihe polyurethane a na-ahụkarị bụ ihe nnọchi anya ihe kemịkal ọhụrụ na nkwado dị mkpa maka obodo m iji wuo obodo dị ike.
Mgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ nke mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe eji emepụta polyurethane, o gosila mgbanwe site na olu ruo na mma. Teknụzụ mmepụta na ikike mmepụta nke isocyanate abụrụla onye ndu n'ụwa. Ọ banyela n'oge nkwalite teknụzụ nke abanyela na mmepe dị elu. Ugbu a, China aghọọla ebe kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa maka ihe eji emepụta polyurethane na ngwaahịa, yana mpaghara kachasị zuru oke n'ọhịa nke ngwa polyurethane.
Dịka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa maka polyurethane, ihe ndị na-eme ka polyurethane gbasaa bụ ihe ndị nwere ike imeghachi omume na mmeghachi omume otu ọrụ na agbụ polymer ahịrị iji gbasaa agbụ molekul ma mee ka ibu molekul dịkwuo elu. Ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa maka mmepụta ọtụtụ ngwaahịa polyurethane. Na njikọta nke ihe polyurethane, ihe ndị na-eme ka polyurethane gbasaa nwere ike ime mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ abụọ: mgbasawanye na njikọta iji nweta arụmọrụ dị elu, mmepụta ihe polyurethane dị elu, dị ka ime ka ike, njupụta, na ogo ndọda nke ngwaahịa ihe polyurethane dịkwuo mma, na ogo ndọda. Physics na kemịkalụ arụmọrụ zuru oke nke iguzogide okpomọkụ, iguzogide mmanụ, iguzogide ihu igwe na iguzogide nchara.
Ọrụ na nhazi nke ihe na-eme ka polyurethane yinye gbasaa
Ihe na-eme ka polyurethane gbasaa na-ezo aka na obere amine molekul na ihe ndị na-aba n'anya nwere otu ọrụ abụọ, nke nwere ike imepụta polima ụdị ahịrị site na mmeghachi omume mgbasa nke yinye. Site na iji ihe ndị na-eme ka yinye gbasaa dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ ịgbanwe usoro mgbasa nke yinye, a na-enweta mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke ọnụego dị iche iche, a na-emepụtakwa ihe polyurethane nwere ihe dị iche iche achọrọ maka arụmọrụ.
Ọrụ nke ndị na-emepụta mgbasa nke polyurethane na mmeghachi omume mmepụta polyurethane gụnyere:
(1) Ihe na-eme ka polyurethane gbasaa yinye nwere otu njirimara (otu amino na hydroxyl) nke nwere ike ime mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na isocyanate. Ibu molekul na mmeghachi omume ndụ nwere ike ime ka sistemụ mmeghachi omume polyurethane gbasaa ma ọ bụ sie ike ngwa ngwa, mepụta ahịrị nwere ibu molekul buru ibu. molekul nwere arụmọrụ nke polima.
(2) Ihe ndọtị yinye dị iche iche nwere mmeghachi omume dị iche iche. Site na iji ụdị ihe ndị na-eme ka agbụ gbasaa yinye na usoro onunu dị iche iche, gbanwee viscosity nke reactor, molekul na nhazi morphological ka ha dabara na mmepụta polyurethane na ngwaahịa nke sistemụ dị iche iche na ihe achọrọ maka mma.
(3) Ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka polyurethane gbasaa nwere ike inye polyurethane ihe onwunwe dị iche iche, a na-etinyekwa ụfọdụ nhazi otu njirimara na molekul mgbasa yinye n'ime isi yinye polyurethane, nke na-emetụta usoro na arụmọrụ kemịkalụ zuru oke nke polyurethane, dịka ike na nguzogide abrasion, ike ọgwụgwụ mgbochi, nguzogide okpomọkụ, nguzogide ihu igwe, nguzogide mmanụ, nguzogide corrosion, wdg.
A na-ekewakarị ihe ndị na-eme ka polyurethane gbasaa n'ime amine, mmanya na-aba n'anya, na mmanya na-aba n'anya. Site na iji usoro usoro na nhazi arụmọrụ, dilate na diol dabere na sistemụ usoro na nhazi arụmọrụ. Ihe ndị na-eme ka a gbasaa ụdị dilate dịka ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, na dihydramol otu-shrinkable, wdg, nwere obere arụmọrụ na ngwaahịa polyurethane, ha bụkwa ihe ndị na-eme ka a gbasaa yinye nkịtị. Ihe na-eme ka a gbasaa yinye nwere arụmọrụ doro anya nke ihe polyurethane bụ isi ụdị abụọ: aromatic dihanramine na aromatic diol. A na-akpọ ya ihe na-eme ka a gbasaa yinye dị elu. A na-eji mgbanaka benzene siri ike mara ya. Ike, iguzogide abrasion, iguzogide ọkara na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ihe na-eme ka diharamine dị nro abụghị naanị ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa maka ihe eji emepụta polyurethane elastic. Ihe na-eme ka polyurethane yinye gbasaa nke ọma, nke kacha njọ, na nke kachasị elu.
A na-ejikarị usoro nzọụkwụ abụọ edozi ahụ polyurethane e ji emegharị ihe, ya bụ, ihe ndị e ji aka mee tupu oge eruo, wee tinye ha na ihe ndị e ji aka mee ka ha sie ike. Dabere n'ụdị isocyanate, enwere ike kewaa ihe ndị e ji aka mee n'ime ụdị TDI na MDI. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ha abụọ, ọrụ mmeghachi omume tupu oge eruo nke TDI dị obere, a na-ejikọkwa ya na ihe ndị e ji aka mee n'ime amine e ji aka mee nke ọma; ọrụ mmeghachi omume tupu oge eruo nke MDI dị elu, ihe na-eme ka a ...
Ụdị ngwaahịa mgbasa polyurethane dị elu na njirimara ngwa
2.1 Isi ihe na-eme ka a na-agbasa chain arammer dihan amine
N'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị mma na ịdị mma dị elu, ihe na-eme ka dihamine dị nro bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na polyurethane elastic.
Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ aṅụ dị ụtọ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere 3, 3′-dichlori-4, 4′-diodes (MOCA: ụdị I, ụdị Ⅱ, iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, wdg), 1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate) (740m), 4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamoreethyl ether Diol two-pair aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P-250, wdg), 3,5-2 ethylene torneramine (DETDA, nke a makwaara dị ka E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, nke a makwaara dị ka E-300) na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.
Nkọwa nke njirimara ngwa na mmepe nke ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi bụ ndị a:
Ihe na-eme ka agbụ ígwè MOCA gbasaa bụ ihe na-eme ka agbụ ígwè rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, nke mbụ a na-etinye n'ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ime obodo m. Ọ bụ ihe siri ike n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ. O nwere njirimara nke ngwaahịa polyurethane enwere ike iji mee ihe n'ihe gbasara nchekwa na ịdị mma, nke nwere ike izute njirimara nke nkọwapụta na ụdị dị iche iche. Nkwụsi ike nke polyurethane dị elu, dị elu, dị elu, na-eguzogide ike, ike ọgwụgwụ, iguzogide nchara na ihe ndị ọzọ zuru oke. Ọ nwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa buru ibu. Ọ bụ arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ihe na-eme ka agbụ ígwè gbasaa. Kemgbe mmepe nke DuPont na 1950s, MOCA eburula ọnọdụ dị mkpa n'ọhịa nke elasticity polyurethane. Ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka agbụ ígwè polyurethane gbasaa kachasị ukwuu ugbu a. Ọ dịkwa oke mkpa n'ọhịa nke ịwụsa elasticity polyurethane. Ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta MOCA a ma ama na China bụ: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (ụlọ ọrụ Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company nke dị n'okpuru), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (nke bụbu Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., na mgbakwunye, enwere Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co., Ltd., na Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'okpuru nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị China, teknụzụ mmepụta MOCA aghọọla ihe na-aga n'ihu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Xiangyuan New Materials na-emeri nsogbu nke ahụike ọrụ ndị ọrụ, mmetọ dị njọ, na enweghị nkwụsi ike nke mmepụta hydrogenation nke hydrogenation nke hydrogenation nke hydrogenation. Usoro na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite hydrogenation nke acoustics dị ọcha na usoro mmepụta MOCA, na-emezu akpaaka, nke zuru oke, mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ihe mgbaze na-enweta, enweghị uzuzu, mbelata oriri na-azọpụta ike na enweghị ikuku. Ngwaọrụ mmepụta MOCA na-aga n'ihu aghọọla onye na-emepụta ngwaahịa a ma ama n'ụwa niile nke na-emepụta ihe na-agbasa polyurethane chain.
Tinyere nke ahụ, Xiangyuan New Materials mepụtakwara ihe ndị na-eme ka usoro Xylink740M na Xylink P gbasaa, na-aghọta mmepụta nke usoro ngwaahịa a, na-akwalite ndị na-emepụta ihe polyurethane iji melite mma, belata ọnụ ahịa, ma gbasaa ngwa.
2.2 Isi ihe na-eme ka mgbasa diol dị nro dị mma
Ihe ndị na-eme ka diol dị nro nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), na ngwakọta phenolic pyrodhenol nke hydroxyethyl (HQEE-L), ngwakọta Hydroxyethylhhexybenol (HER-L), wdg, bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ihe polyurethane maka sistemụ usoro MDI, nke bụ ihe na-anaghị egbu egbu na nke na-emetọ ihe. Nkọwa nke njirimara ngwa na mmepe nke ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi bụ ndị a:
Ihe na-eme ka a na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka a na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka a na-akpọ HQEE chain expansion bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị nro, na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-anaghị emebi emebi, ma na-akpasu iwe. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na MDI ma nwee ike ịgbatị ndụ ihe ahụ nke ọma. Xiangyuan New Materials emepụtala ihe na-eme ka a na-emepụta ...
2.3 Ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka agbụ ígwè na-esi ísì ụtọ dịkwuo mma nwere arụmọrụ pụrụ iche
Ka osisi polyurethane na-etolite, a na-akwalite ihe ndị na-emepụta polyurethane ọhụrụ na teknụzụ ngwa iji gboo mkpa ahịa polyurethane. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe emepụtala ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe pụrụ iche maka mgbasa nke agbụ ígwè na-esi ísì ụtọ.
Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) bụ mgbasa nke agbụ ígwè nwere amino amino abụọ na-enweghị beam, nke a na-eji eme nkwadebe nke mkpuchi ihe na-enweghị mgbaze ma ọ bụ nke siri ike. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere polyettes ndị a na-agba agba nkịtị, ngwaahịa a nwere nzaghachi dị mma, arụmọrụ ọrụ dị mma, arụmọrụ owuwu dị mma, yana arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Ọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na-egbuke egbuke na mmetụta doro anya na polycoges na nkwadebe nke fatty chloride polycisotripocyanate, ezigbo mgbanwe na njirimara igwe, mgbanwe odo odo na-eguzogide, ezigbo iguzogide nchara, ezigbo iguzogide ihu igwe, na nchekwa ogologo oge. Na mgbakwunye na àkwà mmiri, ọwara, na ụdị ala na akara okporo ụzọ dị iche iche, enwere ike iji ya na ngwa dị elu dị ka mkpuchi nchebe na mkpuchi akpụkpọ anụ helikọpta nke agụba ike ikuku. Mmepụta na nkwalite ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ngwaahịa a ga-enyere aka mmepe dị elu nke mkpuchi ahụ.
Mgbasa (311) nke ngwakọta diharamine na sodium chloride (311) bụ ụdị nke ntụ ntụ aromatic diharamine na nnu inorganic. Enwere ike iji ya tụnyere ọtụtụ polyurethanes pre-polystants na okpomọkụ ụlọ. Ọ dabara nke ọma maka ọdịdị dị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ nnukwu. Ngwaahịa mpaghara, vulcanization na microwave, na oge ndị ọzọ chọrọ oge ọrụ ogologo oge, nwekwara ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-agwọ ọrịa maka epoxy resin. Ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya gụnyere Caytur 31DA na United States, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan New Materials.
Ihe ndị ọzọ na-agwọ ọrịa n'okpuru mmiri dịka oxidazole, ketone amine, wdg nwere ike ibelata ohere nke mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ iji mepụta afụfụ n'etiti ndị na-agwọ ọrịa, ọ nwekwara ohere maka mmepe.
Ọnọdụ mmepe nke ndị na-ahụ maka mgbasa nke polyurethane yinye
Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa polyurethane nke mba m enweghị ntọala mmepe dị mma. N'oge mbụ, ahịa mgbasa polyurethane nke ime obodo abụrụla nke ndị ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na-achịkwa mgbe niile. Kemgbe ọ banyere na narị afọ a, otu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa polyurethane nke obodo nke Xiangyuan New Materials nọchitere anya agbajiela ikike mba ọzọ mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke nyocha na mmepe na teknụzụ chịkọtara. Ụfọdụ n'ime ngwaahịa mgbasa polyurethane nke mba m erutela ọkwa nke ngwaahịa mba ụwa yiri nke ahụ.
Dịka ihe na-eme ka amine polyurethane gbasaa nke kachasị ukwuu, usoro mmepụta MOCA bụ nke tozuru okè, kwụsiri ike, dị mma, ma dabara adaba na nzaghachi. N'ihe gbasara ịwụsa ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ngwa ndị dị n'okpuru ala, karịsịa sistemụ TDI, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa polyurethane amụbaala ọtụtụ usoro tozuru okè nke ngwaahịa polyurethane tozuru okè. A nwalela nkwụsi ike na ọrụ Essence MOCA mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ahịa na omume ndị ahịa gasịrị. Ọnụ ego ya dị oke elu. Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ojiji gasịrị, ihe mgbochi usoro ụfọdụ etolitela. Ọ nwere ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe, ebe ngwa ahụ na-agbasakwa mgbe niile.
Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Kemịkalụ nke Yuropu, dịka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka asambodo EU Reach, wepụtara akụkọ na Nọvemba 30, 2017. Mgbe ha tụlechara ihe egwu nchekwa, arụmọrụ, na ọnụ ahịa, o kwuru na n'ọhịa nke polyurethane elastic body, àgwà ngwaahịa MOCA dị oke mma, arụmọrụ ọnụ ahịa na uru ndị ọzọ, ọ dịghịkwa ihe ọzọ dị iche iche ugbu a.
Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa polyurethane nke China malitere n'oge na-adịghị anya. N'oge mbụ, n'ihi obere teknụzụ mmepụta, obere ihe eji akwado ihe, na enweghị nkà R&D zuru oke, ahịa mgbasa polyurethane nke ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche ejirila aka ha mee ihe. Ruo afọ 1990, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta mgbasa polyurethane nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ọma mebiri ikike teknụzụ mba ọzọ mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke nyocha na nhazi teknụzụ gasịrị, arụmọrụ nke ụfọdụ ngwaahịa mgbasa polyurethane nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ruru ọkwa nke ngwaahịa mba ụwa yiri ya. Karịsịa, ihe ọhụrụ Xiangyuan eburula ụzọ n'iwulite ngwaọrụ mmepụta MOCA nke na-aga n'ihu nke tọn 10,000. Ogo ngwaahịa na ọkwa teknụzụ ruru ọkwa kachasị elu na nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ụwa. Ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta MOCA nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ...
"Atụmatụ Afọ Ise nke Iri na Abụọ maka" Atụmatụ Afọ Ise nke Iri na Abụọ "nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane na-atụ aro na na mgbakwunye na ịgbasa oke mmepụta nke mgbasa yinye dị elu MOCA, nkwalite na itinye ndị na-emepụta mgbasa yinye ọhụrụ MCDEA, E-100, HER, HQEE na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ịbawanye. Dabere na ngwaahịa usoro MOCA, yana mmụba nke ihe na ngwaahịa polyurethane, ngwaahịa mgbasa yinye ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ apụtawokwa, na-emepụta nhazi dị iche iche na ngwaahịa MOCA.
Site na mmụba na mmepe teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, ngwaahịa ọhụrụ nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka a na-esi ísì ụtọ dị elu nwere uru pụrụ iche na ọsọ nzaghachi, iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, ọrụ, nchekwa na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. Ngwa ahụ etoola nwayọ nwayọ, ọnụọgụ ngwa ahụ na-agakwa n'ihu na-agbasa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, n'ihi njirimara akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ya, nke na-adịghị egbu egbu, meghere ahịa ngwa ahụ n'ọtụtụ ubi. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, site na mmepe na uto nke sistemụ MDI na-adịghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, oke ojiji nke ihe na-eme ka a na-esi ísì ụtọ dị elu dị ka HQEE na HER nwere usoro MDI ka mma na nke dabara adaba amụbaala nwayọ nwayọ, na-enye polyurethane elasticity magburu onwe ya arụmọrụ pụrụ iche dịka iguzogide okpomọkụ na ike ndọda. Na mgbakwunye na imepụta ngwaahịa na-awụpụ mmiri, ọ nwekwara ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa elastomic thermoplastic dị elu, nke enwere ike iwepụ. N'ebe ngwa nwere ihe achọrọ arụmọrụ dị elu maka ihe polyurethane na mba ndị mepere emepe na ụfọdụ ihe polyurethane, ihe na-eme ka a na-esi ísì dị ka 740m, HQEE, HER na-eme ka ngwa dịkwuo omimi. Ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ "chain angle" nwere uru dị iche iche na nkewa ụfọdụ, oke teknụzụ dịkwa elu. Ugbu a, ahịa ime obodo ka nọ n'ọkwa nkwalite ngwa.
Usoro mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa nke polyurethane yinye
Ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane dị na North America na Western Europe amụbaala ọtụtụ iri afọ nke mmepe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ike teknụzụ siri ike n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ahịa ahụ etolitela nke ọma. N'otu oge ahụ, ndị ahịa nọ n'ebe ndị a nwere ihe achọrọ maka arụmọrụ dị elu maka ngwaahịa polyurethane, ọchịchọ maka ndị na-emepụta mgbanwe ọhụrụ dịkwa ngwa ngwa karịa MOCA. Ugbu a, mba ndị mepere emepe dịka Europe na United States na-enweta oke òkè nke ọchịchọ maka ndị na-emepụta mgbanwe ọhụrụ.
Oke oriri nke polyurethane na mpaghara Eshia-Pacific na mba ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe na-aghọ isi ihe na-akpali ọchịchọ polyurethane zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'ime ha, mpaghara Eshia-Pacific abụrụlarị ahịa ndị ahịa polyurethane kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-aza ihe dị ka 48% nke òkè ahịa ụwa; mba ndị ọzọ na-emepe emepe dịka India, Brazil, Mexico, wdg, ọchịchọ maka polyurethane na ụlọ, ihe owuwu ụlọ, ihe eji achọ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-amụbakwa. Agbanyeghị, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mba ndị mepere emepe na Europe na United States, ụfọdụ n'ime mpaghara ndị a ka nọ na mmalite nke mmepụta ihe. Ha na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụ ahịa ihe eji emepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane ma na-elebara ọnụ ahịa na arụmọrụ ọnụ ahịa anya. N'ọdịnihu, n'ọdịnihu, mpaghara a ka ga-anọgide na-enwe nnukwu ọchịchọ maka MOCAs dị ọnụ ala.
Ugbu a, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa polyurethane dị mkpa n'ụwa niile, dịka Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., United States Air Chemical (Winchuang zụtara na 2016), na United States Coco (Langsheng zụtara na 2017), wdg, chịkọbara ụwa. Ọtụtụ n'ime òkè ahịa nke ndị na-ahụ maka mgbasa yinye, ụfọdụ obere ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị mmezi nke usoro nyocha ụlọ ọrụ - mahadum - ewepụla site na mmetụta nke ịdị mma na ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa, ntinye nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa yinye amụbaala. N'otu oge ahụ, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-adaberekwa na ike isi obodo na ndabere nyocha na mmepe iji gbasaa ihe ndị ọkachamara na mmepụta ngwaahịa, ma guzobe nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta na ebe azụmaahịa na R & D n'ógbè ndị nwere ezigbo akụrụngwa, ahịa, na ọnọdụ ọrụ.
5. Ọnọdụ na ntụziaka mmepe nke ndị na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye polyurethane ugbu a
Dịka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa maka ihe polyurethane, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-eme ka polyurethane gbasaa eme ihe na sistemụ CASE (gụnyere ihe mkpuchi, ihe nrapado, ihe mkpuchi na ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe) na ihe polyurethane. N'ime ha, polyurethane elastic body bụ ihe e ji eme polymer synthetic n'etiti roba na plastik. O nwere ma ike dị elu nke roba na ike dị elu na ike dị elu nke plastik. Ugboro 5 ruo 10), ọ nwere aha ọma nke "eze nke roba na-eguzogide iyi" ma nwee ike igwe dị mma, iguzogide mmanụ, iguzogide kemịkalụ, iguzogide mgbanwe na ezigbo iguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala na arụmọrụ mkpuchi. Na mgbakwunye na ụdị mmiri ozuzo nkịtị na ahụ polyurethane elastic thermoplastic, ihe polyurethane elastic body body elastic gụnyekwara ihe nrapado, mkpuchi, mkpuchi, ihe mkpuchi, ihe mkpuchi pavement, sole, akpụkpọ anụ sịntetik, eriri, wdg. nke na-aghọ ihe polyurethane na-agbanwe agbanwe. Site na mmezi na-aga n'ihu nke ọkwa teknụzụ, agbanweela elasticity polyurethane na roba, plastik, na ọla dị iche iche n'ọhịa dịka ụgbọala, ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, mbipụta, akụrụngwa, nhazi igwe, egwuregwu, na njem.
Dịka ọnụọgụgụ sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị mkpa si kwuo, oriri nke polyurethane nke China CASE (ahụ e ji elastic mee, ihe mkpuchi, akpụkpọ anụ sịntetik, ihe mkpuchi na ihe nrapado) na 2021 bụ tọn nde 7.77, na nkezi ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 11.5% na 2016-2021 bụ 11.5%.
Nkwụsi ike nke polyurethane nke Chaịna na 2016 bụ tọn 925,000, mmepụta ya na 2021 ruru tọn nde 1.5, yana ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 10.2%; ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke oriri bụ pasent 12.5. A na-eme atụmatụ na ka ọ na-erule 2025, mmepụta ahụ polyurethane elastic nke mba m ga-eru tọn nde 2.059, nke ka ga-adị n'usoro mmepe ngwa ngwa.
N'ụwa niile, mmepụta nke polyurethane elastomers zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru tọn nde 2.52 na 2016 na tọn nde 3.539 na 2021, yana ọnụego uto nke ihe mejupụtara kwa afọ nke 7.0%. Ka ọ na-erule 2025, a na-atụ anya na mmepụta nke polyurethane elastomer zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-eru tọn nde 4.495, na-egosi usoro mmepe ngwa ngwa na nke kwụsiri ike.
Elastomer thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nwere ezigbo iguzogide iyi. Ike nrụgide ya dị elu, ogologo, na-eguzogide mmanụ, na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala, na-eguzogide ihu igwe, na-eguzogide ozone pụtara ìhè, oke ike ya dịkwa obosara. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ojiji ahịa nke TPU amụbaala site na ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ gaa na ngalaba ahịa dị elu dịka ọgwụ, ụgbọelu, na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, site na 2014 ruo 2021, nkezi ọnụego uto nke mmepụta TPU kwa afọ na China dị elu ruo 14.5%. Na 2021, mmepụta TPU nke mba m dị ihe dị ka tọn 645,000. Obodo m aghọọla mba kachasị na mmepụta TPU n'ụwa. Mbupu na mbupụ net amụbaala nke ukwuu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Site n'echiche nke ọchịchọ, ahịa TPU zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ugbu a na Europe, United States, na mpaghara Eshia-Pacific. N'ime ha, mpaghara Eshia nke China na-edu bụ ahịa mpaghara kachasị ọsọ na oriri TPU zuru ụwa ọnụ. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Kọmitii Pụrụ Iche Elastic nke China Polyurethane Industry Association si kwuo, oriri zuru oke nke ngwaahịa polyurethane na mba m na 2018 ruru tọn nde 11.3, nke oriri nke polyurethane elastomers (TPU+CPU) dị ihe dị ka tọn nde 1.1%.
TPU ka bụ otu n'ime ngwaahịa ndị nwere mmụba ngwa ngwa na polyurethane n'oge na-adịghị anya. Obodo m aghọọla mba kachasị na-eji TPU eme ihe n'ụwa. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, nkezi mmụba kwa afọ nke oriri TPU nke China na 2017-2021 dị elu ruo 12.9%, nke mkpokọta oriri na 2021 bụ tọn 602,000, mmụba nke 11.6% kwa afọ. Dabere na mmepụta TPU zuru ụwa ọnụ nke tọn nde 1.09 na 2021, oriri TPU n'ime obodo agafeela ọkara ụwa. N'ọdịnihu, mkpa nke ihe akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ihe nkiri, ọkpọkọ, na waya ga-adị ike karịa. N'ọhịa nke akụrụngwa ahụike, waya eriri, na ihe nkiri, ọ ga-anọchi ihe PVC ọdịnala. O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-anọchi EVA n'ọhịa ihe akpụkpọ ụkwụ. A na-atụ anya na TPU ga-anọgide na 10% ma ọ bụ karịa n'ọdịnihu. A na-atụ anya na oriri ya ga-eru ihe dị ka tọn 900,000 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2026.
Site na mmụba nke mmepụta nwayọ nwayọ, ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa polyurethane elastic dị ala, ụdị dị iche iche na-adị iche iche, ọchịchọ ahịa akawanyela mma, mmepe ụlọ ọrụ na-agakwa ngwa ngwa. N'oge "Atụmatụ Afọ Ise nke Iri na Anọ", ụlọ ọrụ Case kwesịrị ịkwalite mmepe nke ngwaahịa n'akụkụ mmiri, enweghị ihe mgbaze, na ọdịnaya siri ike dị elu; mụbaa mmepe CASE na mmepe teknụzụ sịntetik nke nhazi ihe eji emepụta ihe dị mkpa, na-elekwasị anya na Ngwa polyphonus mmiri-ruo-pyrodramine polytianmen; lekwasị anya n'ime nnyocha teknụzụ isi na teknụzụ injinia dabere na mmiri; melite arụmọrụ ngwaahịa, mepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ, gbasaa ubi ngwa, ma kwalite owuwu nke owuwu akụrụngwa ọhụrụ na njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ, ọwara akwa, nnyefe ike, wdg. Na itinye ubi ahụike; kwalite ngwa teknụzụ nke ihe nrapado polyurethane maka enweghị formaldehyde iji tinye efere artificial; mepụta ngwaahịa ammonia dị iche iche, ọrụ, na uru dị elu agbakwunyere; wusie ike na teknụzụ nyocha na ngwa nke nhazi ihe eji egbochi mmiri polyurethane, arụmọrụ, oge ogologo oge; Kwalite itinye ihe polyurethane n'ụlọ ndị a kwadebere akwadebe.
Isi ntụziaka mmepe nke ubi elastomer bụ:
Elastamọrị Polyurethane maka ụgbọala. Ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala nke oge a na-etolite iji nweta arụmọrụ dị elu, ịdị mma dị elu, ịdị arọ dị mfe, nkasi obi na nchekwa. Ihe eji emepụta rọba na plastik na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ihe eji eme ígwè, nke na-emepe ohere sara mbara maka itinye polyurethane elastamọrị.
Elastamọrị Polyurethane maka owuwu. Ejirila ihe polyurethane siri ike, nke na-adịghị emebi emebi dochie ihe asphalt ọdịnala nke na-anaghị echebe mmiri; A na-ejikarị usoro egwuregwu polyurethane eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. A na-ejikwa PVC elastamọrị siri ike mee njikọ ndị na-agbasa nke nnukwu àkwà mmiri, ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị elu, ụzọ ụgbọ elu na ihe mkpuchi okporo ụzọ.
Elastomer polyurethane maka ojiji nke ala. A na-achọ ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla, ndị na-eguzogide oke mmebi, ike na nguzozi dị elu n'ebe a na-egwupụta kol, ebe a na-egwupụta ígwè na ebe a na-egwupụtaghị ígwè.
Polyurethane elastomer maka akpụkpọ ụkwụ. Polychloride ester elasticity nwere uru dị na arụmọrụ dị mma nke nchekwa, ibu dị mfe, iguzogide iyi, iguzogide skid, na ihe ndị ọzọ, aghọọla ihe dị mkpa na-akwado akpụkpọ ụkwụ.
Elastomer polyurethane maka ojiji ahụike. Ezigbo ndakọrịta bio, ndakọrịta ọbara na enweghị ihe mgbakwunye bụ ihe dị mkpa mere e ji etinye ihe TPU na CPU n'ọrụ ahụike. Ojiji ya n'ọhịa ahụike na ahụike sara mbara nke ukwuu.
Mpempe akwụkwọ polyurethane ọhụrụ. A na-atụ anya na teknụzụ ihe mejupụtara ga-eweta oge mgbawa ahịa ọhụrụ maka polyurethane elastomers.
Usoro mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa nke polyurethane "Atụmatụ Afọ Ise nke Iri na Anọ"
Site n'echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ, mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ngalaba owuwu, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala, ngwa ọgụgụ isi eletrọnịkị, ike ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi emeela ka ọchịchọ maka ngwaahịa polyurethane dị ukwuu. Ndị nnukwu polyurethane zuru ụwa ọnụ na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta teknụzụ na ojiji, ha ga-aga n'ihu na-akwalite mmepe na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa polyurethane ọhụrụ. Site na mmụba nke ngwaahịa polyurethane n'ọhịa na oke ahịa njedebe, ọchịchọ dị iche iche maka ngwaahịa polyurethane ga-akwalite mmepụta na mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke ndị na-ahụ maka yinye polyurethane.
N'ime afọ iri sochirinụ, itinye ngwaahịa polyurethane n'ebe ụfọdụ dị mkpa ga-etolite ngwa ngwa. Ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ na-enyocha na ọchịchọ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka polyurethane ga-abawanye na ọnụego 4.5% kwa afọ. N'ime ha, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke ọchịchọ polyurethane dị 5.7% na ngalaba friji, akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ákwà, ntụrụndụ na ubi ndị ọzọ. Ọchịchọ dị n'ọhịa ngwaahịa amụbaala ntakịrị, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-abụ ihe dị ka 3.3% kwa afọ. Mba ndị na-emepe emepe na mpaghara Eshia-Pacific enwetala nkwado site na teknụzụ ọhụrụ iji gbasaa ngwa ndị dị n'akụkụ ala, ọchịchọ maka polyurethanes ga-erukwa ọnụego uto okpukpu abụọ kwa afọ.
Dịka ihe dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, ụlọ ọrụ mgbakwunye polyurethane nke mba m ga-etinyerịrị echiche mmepe ọhụrụ ahụ n'enweghị mgbagha. N'okpuru ebe a, isiokwu nke ịkwalite mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, yana ntụziaka nke ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane iji mee ka owuwu nke usoro mmepe ọhụrụ nke "usoro abụọ" dịkwuo ngwa ngwa, na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, obere carbon, na dijitalụ. , Mee ngwa ngwa owuwu nke usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke oge a, kwalite "mmejọ" nke ngwaahịa dị elu, "jide teknụzụ dị elu", "mepee ụzọ ọhụrụ" na ngwaahịa ọdịnala, ma kwalite obodo m ịkwaga site na polyurethane gaa na mba siri ike.
Ugbu a, ihe ndọtị polyurethane chain aghọọla otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ọrụ akụrụngwa mba dị iche iche. Ụlọ ọrụ ihe ndọtị polyurethane chain na-eme ka itinye ego ọhụrụ dịkwuo elu, na-etolite n'akụkụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, arụmọrụ dị elu na ịdị mma dị elu. Dabere na mkpa nke ụgbọelu, ozi eletrọnịkị, ike ọhụrụ, ụgbọala, ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị elu, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ ukwu, nnukwu àkwà mmiri, nlekọta ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba, mgbanwe na itinye ihe ọhụrụ na teknụzụ ihe owuwu polyurethane chain extender na-eme ngwa ngwa iji melite ọkwa mmepe zuru oke nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane.
Nduzi mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane chain extender bụ ịmepụta ngwaahịa extender dị elu, nke nwere arụmọrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi karịa. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ dị ọcha ma na-enweghị mmetọ n'usoro mmepụta, kamakwa ọ dị mma ma na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'usoro ojiji iji kwalite usoro mmepụta ngwaahịa polyurethane na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Nke abụọ, iji gbasaa ojiji nke ngwaahịa extender chain dị ugbu a, ka extender chain ọkachamara dị ugbu a jupụta na ike ngwa ọhụrụ. Ọkwa teknụzụ nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ extender chain polyurethane dị n'ime ụlọ hà nhata nke ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche, mana ọ dị mkpa inyocha ngwa ndị ọzọ iji mee ka ndị ọrụ mara ọkwa nke ngwaahịa ndị ahụ, karịsịa iji kwalite ngwaahịa diamine na-esi ísì ụtọ mmiri mmiri na arụmọrụ dị mma na arụmọrụ dị mma, yana iji mmetụta synergistic nke extender chain iji chekwaa ike ma belata oriri na ọnụ ahịa. Nke atọ bụ ịmepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ dịka ọchịchọ ahịa si dị, iji nye ngwaahịa kwesịrị ekwesị na nke dị elu maka ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, iji gboo mkpa nke ahịa dị n'okpuru ala ma gbasaa oke ojiji.
Maka ihe ndị e ji eme ka polyurethane dị nro, ihe mgbakwunye chain bụ ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa ma dị mkpa nke nwere nnukwu ego na uru dị elu, nke dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ ngwaahịa. Na mgbakwunye, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na polyurethane na ọbụna plastik ụfụfụ, ihe mgbakwunye chain polyurethane nwere mmetụta doro anya na mmezi arụmọrụ ngwaahịa. Na ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, oghere ahịa ihe mgbakwunye chain polyurethane buru ibu. Iji kwalite ma duzie mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, ọ dị mkpa ime ka nyocha na nkwalite nke ihe mgbakwunye chain polyurethane sikwuo ike, ma mepụta ụdị ihe mgbakwunye chain polyurethane ka mma n'okpuru echiche nke ilebara ahụike anya, nchekwa ike, nchekwa na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na arụmọrụ ngwa, ka o wee nye aka nke ukwuu na ndụ ka mma nke mmadụ.
Oge ozi: Feb-08-2023