Polyurethane bụ ihe ọhụrụ kemịkal dị mkpa.N'ihi arụmọrụ ya magburu onwe ya na ojiji dị iche iche, a maara ya dị ka "plastic nke ise kachasị ukwuu".Site na ngwá ụlọ, uwe, na njem njem, ihe owuwu, egwuregwu, na ikuku ikuku na ihe nchebe mba, ihe ndị polyurethane na-emepụta ihe bụ ndị nnọchiteanya ọhụrụ nke ihe ọhụrụ kemịkal na nkwado dị mkpa maka obodo m iji wuo obodo dị ike.
Mgbe ihe karịrị afọ 20 nke mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane raw material, o gosipụtara mgbanwe site na ụda olu - na-agbanwe agbanwe.Teknụzụ mmepụta na ikike mmepụta nke isocyanate ahọpụtala ndị na-eduga n'ụwa.Ọ abanyela n'oge nkwalite teknụzụ nke abanyela na mmepe dị elu.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, China aghọọla nnukwu akụrụngwa polyurethane nke ụwa na ihe nrụpụta ngwaahịa, yana mpaghara zuru oke na mpaghara nke ngwa polyurethane.
Dị ka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa maka polyurethane, ihe mgbasawanye polyurethane bụ ihe ndị nwere ike imeghachi omume na mmeghachi omume otu na-arụ ọrụ na eriri polymer iji gbasaa agbụ molekụla ma mụbaa ibu molekul.Ọ bụ akụrụngwa dị mkpa maka imepụta ọtụtụ ngwaahịa polyurethane.Na njikọ nke polyurethane ihe, polyurethane mgbasa ozi nwere ike nweta abụọ chemical mmeghachi omume: mgbasawanye na cross-njikọ iji nweta elu-arụmọrụ, elu-edu polyurethane ihe onwunwe mmepụta, dị ka ime ka ike, elasticity, na-adọwa ogo nke polyurethane ihe onwunwe ngwaahịa. na ogo ndọkasị.Physics na kemịkal zuru oke arụmọrụ nke nguzogide okpomọkụ, nguzogide mmanụ, nguzogide ihu igwe na nguzogide corrosion.
一, The ọrụ na nhazi ọkwa nke polyurethane yinye mgbasa ozi
Ihe mgbasawanye nke polyurethane na-ezo aka na amine dị ala na mmanya mmanya nwere otu abụọ na-arụ ọrụ, nke nwere ike ịmepụta polymer-ụdị ahịrị site na mmeghachi omume mgbasawanye nke yinye.Site n'iji ihe mgbasawanye nke agbụ dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe usoro mgbasawanye nke agbụ, a na-enweta mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke ọnụego dị iche iche, na-emepụta ihe polyurethane nwere ọrụ dị iche iche chọrọ.
Ọrụ nke polyurethane yinye mgbasa ozi na mmeghachi omume polyurethane gụnyere:
(1) Onye na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye nke polyurethane nwere otu njirimara (amino na hydroxyl otu) nke nwere ike ime mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na isocyanate.Ibu arọ na mmeghachi omume na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike ime ka usoro mmeghachi omume nke polyurethane gbasaa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ sie ike, na-emepụta eriri nwere nnukwu ibu molekụla Ndị molekul nwere arụmọrụ nke polymer.
(2) Dị iche iche yinye extenders nwere dị iche iche reactivity.Site na iji ụdị mgbasawanye yinye dị iche iche na usoro onunu ogwu, dozie viscosity reactor, molecules na morphological na-eme mgbanwe maka mmepụta polyurethane na ngwaahịa nke sistemu dị iche iche na ihe dị mma chọrọ.
(3) Ndị ọrụ mgbasawanye polyurethane dị iche iche nwere ike inye polyurethane ihe dị iche iche, na a na-ewebata ụfọdụ ihe owuwu otu njirimara na ngwongwo mgbasawanye nke agbụ nke polyurethane, nke na-emetụta usoro ọrụ na ọrụ kemịkal nke polyurethane, dị ka ike na mgbochi abrasion, mgbochi mgbochi. -defiring ike ọgwụgwụ, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ihu igwe na-eguzogide, mmanụ iguzogide, corrosion iguzogide, wdg.
A na-ekewa ihe mgbasawanye polyurethane n'ime amine, mmanya na mmanya.Site na iji usoro usoro na arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ, dilate na diol na-adabere na usoro usoro na nhazi arụmọrụ.Omenala ụdị dilate yinye dilatation agents dị ka ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, na otu-shrinkable dihydramol, wdg, nwere oke arụmọrụ na polyurethane ngwaahịa, na ndị nkịtị yinye mgbasa ozi.Ihe mgbasawanye nke yinye nwere arụmọrụ doro anya nke ihe polyurethane bụ nke kachasị ụdị abụọ: dihanramine aromatic na diol aromatic.A na-akpọ ya onye na-arụ ọrụ mgbasawanye nke agbụ dị elu.Ejiri mgbanaka benzene siri ike mara ya.Ike, nkwụsị nke abrasion, nkwụsị nke ọkara na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ihe na-eme ka mgbasawanye diharamine aromatic abụghị naanị ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa dị mkpa maka usoro ihe ngbanwe polyurethane sịntetik.Nke kachasị, nke kachasị njọ, na nke kachasị ukwuu na-arụ ọrụ dị elu na-arụ ọrụ polyurethane.
Omenala wụsa polyurethane elastic ozu na-adịkarị edochi na abụọ-step Usoro, ya bụ, sịntetik prematures, na mgbe ahụ fikwụnye na yinye mgbasa ozi maka solidification.Dabere n'ụdị isocyanate, prefabricated nwere ike kewaa nke ọma na ụdị TDI na MDI.Tụnyere ha abụọ, TDI akaghi aka mmeghachi omume omume dị ala, na ọ bụ tumadi dakọtara na ukwuu nke amine yinye mgbasa ozi;Ọrụ mmeghachi omume emebere nke MDI dị elu, yana onye na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye yinye dabere na hydroxy nwere akara nke dabere na hydroxyl dị ala.Dị ka ihe ndị a chọrọ n'ọnọdụ ihe eji eme ihe na arụmọrụ ngwaahịa, ọ dị mkpa karịsịa ịhọrọ onye na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye yinye kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe ahọpụtara ụdị isocyanate.
Ụdị ngwaahịa mgbasawanye polyurethane dị elu na njirimara ngwa
2.1 Onye na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye nke arammer dihan amine
N'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị oke mma na ịdị mma dị elu, ihe na-eme ka dihamine dilation nke aromatic bụ ihe na-emekarị na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-emepụta ihe na polyurethane.
Ihe mgbasawanye dianramine aromatic nke a na-ejikarị na-agụnye 3, 3'-dichlori-4, 4'-diodes (MOCA: ụdị I, ụdị Ⅱ, elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, wdg), 1,3-propylene glycol ugboro abụọ (4-amino benzoate). ) (740m), 4,4'-sub-base-okpukpu abụọ (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl ether Diol abụọ abụọ aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P -250, wdg), 3,5-abụọ ethylene torneramine (DETDA, makwaara dị ka E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfonylene (DMTDA, makwaara dị ka E-300) na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa.
Nchịkọta nke njirimara ngwa na mmepe nke ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi bụ ndị a:
Onye na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye yinye MOCA bụ onye mbụ ọkachamara mgbasawanye yinye ọrụ dị elu etinyere na mmepụta mmepụta ihe na obodo m.Ọ bụ ọnọdụ siri ike na ụlọ okpomọkụ.Ọ nwere njirimara nke ngwaahịa polyurethane nwere ike iji mee ihe na nchekwa na ịdị mma, nke nwere ike izute njirimara nke nkọwa na ụdị dị iche iche.Ntugharị nke polyurethane dị elu - ike, elu-rebound, akwa akwa - na-eguzogide ọgwụ, nkwụsi ike ike, nkwụsị nke corrosion na ihe ndị ọzọ zuru oke.Ọ nwere ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa buru ibu.Ọ bụ arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ihe mgbasawanye aromatic dilate.Ebe ọ bụ na mmepe nke DuPont na 1950s, MOCA ejiriwo ọnọdụ dị mkpa n'ọhịa nke polyurethane elasticity.Ugbu a ọ bụ ihe mgbasawanye nke yinye polyurethane kachasị ukwuu.Ọ dị mkpa ọbụna karị n'ọhịa nke ịwụsa polyurethane elasticity.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta MOCA a ma ama na China bụ: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (ụlọ ọrụ Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. . ., Ltd., na Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'okpuru nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị China, teknụzụ mmepụta MOCA na-abawanye ụba.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Xiangyuan New Materials meriri nsogbu nke ahụike ọrụ ndị ọrụ, mmetọ dị njọ, na nkwụsi ike zuru oke nke mmepụta nke hydrogenation nke hydrogenation nke hydrogenation nke hydrogenation.The na-aga n'ihu usoro catalyzes na hydrogenation hydrogenation nke elu - ịdị ọcha acoustics na MOCA mmepụta Filiks, na-aghọta automation, n'ụzọ zuru ezu mechie, green mmepụta, aghọta ihe mgbaze, uzuzu-free, ike-azọpụta oriri mbelata na efu umu anwuru.Ngwaọrụ mmepụta MOCA na-aga n'ihu abụrụla onye ama ama n'ụwa emeputa ihe mgbasawanye yinye polyurethane.
Na mgbakwunye, Xiangyuan New Materials nwekwara mepụtara Xylink740M na Xylink P usoro yinye mgbasa ozi, na-aghọta mmepụta nke usoro nke ngwaahịa a, na-akwalite polyurethane ihe onwunwe emepụta ka mma, belata-akwụ ụgwọ, na gbasaa ngwa.
2.2 Isi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ diol dilateral mgbasa mgbasa
Ihe ndị na-eme ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), na hydroxyethyl dabeere phenolic pyrodenol ngwakọta (HQEE-L), Hydroxyethylhhexybenol ngwakọta (HER-L), wdg. A na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ihe polyurethane maka usoro usoro MDI, nke bụ ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu na ụdị mmetọ ụdị mgbasawanye.Nchịkọta nke njirimara ngwa na mmepe nke ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi bụ ndị a:
Ihe mgbasawanye nke yinye HQEE bụ ihe nhazi ihe omimi nke ihe na-eme ka mgbasawanye diol aromatic.Ọ bụ urughuru siri ike, nke na-adịghị egbu egbu, enweghị mmetọ, na-akpasukwa iwe.Ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta na MDI ma nwee ike ịgbatị ndụ ihe ahụ nke ọma.Xiangyuan New Materials emepụtala HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L usoro yinye mgbasa ozi.Ogo dị elu karịa ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, a na-erekwa ngwaahịa n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ.
2.3 Ndị ọrụ mgbasawanye yinye aromatic ndị ọzọ nwere arụmọrụ pụrụ iche
Site na ịrị elu nke ubi polyurethane na-apụta, ndị mgbasa ozi mgbasawanye polyurethane ọhụrụ na teknụzụ ngwa na-aga n'ihu iji gboo ọchịchọ maka ahịa polyurethane.Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe ewepụtala ihe dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na-emepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ.
Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) bụ mgbasawanye nke agbụ nke nwere beam amin amino-free, nke a na-eji maka nkwadebe nke mkpuchi ọdịnaya na-enweghị mgbaze ma ọ bụ dị elu.E jiri ya tụnyere polyettes ịgba nkịtị, ngwaahịa a nwere nzaghachi na-agafeghị oke, ịrụ ọrụ dị mma, ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, yana ọmarịcha ngwaahịa zuru oke.Ọ nwere ezigbo gloss na mmetụta pụtara ìhè na polycoges na nkwadebe nke fatty chloride polycisotripocyanate, ezigbo mgbanwe na ihe eji arụ ọrụ, mgbanwe odo na-eguzogide na-acha odo odo, ezigbo nkwụsị nke corrosion, ihu igwe dị mma, na nchebe ogologo oge.Na mgbakwunye na àkwà mmiri, tunnels, na ụdị dị iche iche nke ala na akara okporo ụzọ, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe na ngwa dị elu dị ka mkpuchi mkpuchi na helikopta mejupụtara akpụkpọ anụ akpụkpọ anụ nke ikuku ikuku.Mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nkwalite ngwaahịa a ga-enyere aka mmepe dị elu nke mkpuchi.
Mgbasa (311) nke aromatic diharamine na sodium chloride ogige (311) bụ ụdị mmekọ nke diharamine aromatic na inorganic salts.Enwere ike ijikọta ya na ụdị polyurethane pre-polystants dị iche iche na okpomọkụ ụlọ.Ọ kachasị mma maka ụdị mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ nnukwu.Ngwaahịa mpaghara, vulcanization microwave, na oge ndị ọzọ chọrọ ogologo oge ọrụ, nwekwara ike iji dị ka ihe na-agwọ ọrịa resin epoxy.Ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya gụnyere Caytur 31DA na United States, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan New Materials.
Ndị ọzọ na-agwọ ọrịa okpuru mmiri dị ka oxidazole, ketone amine, wdg nwere ike ibelata ohere nke mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ na-emepụta afụ na etiti etiti nke ọgwụgwọ, ọ nwekwara ohere maka mmepe.
三, The mmepe ọnọdụ nke polyurethane yinye mgbasa ozi
Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasawanye polyurethane nke obodo m nwere ntọala mmepe adịghị ike.N'oge mbụ, ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na-achịkwa ahịa mgbasawanye polyurethane nke ụlọ mgbe niile.Ebe ọ bụ na ịbanye na narị afọ a, otu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasawanye polyurethane mpaghara nke Xiangyuan New Materials nọchitere anya emebiwo monopolies mba ọzọ nke ọma mgbe afọ R & D gasịrị na mkpokọta teknụzụ.Ụfọdụ ngwaahịa mgbasawanye polyurethane nke obodo m eruola ọkwa ngwaahịa mba ụwa yiri ya.
Dị ka onye na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye nke amine polyurethane, usoro mmepụta MOCA tozuru oke, kwụsie ike, na-agafeghị oke, na dabara adaba na nzaghachi.N'ọhịa nke ịwụsa ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ngwa ngwa, karịsịa usoro TDI, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ngwaahịa polyurethane achịkọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke usoro ndị tozuru okè nke ngwaahịa polyurethane tozuru okè Essence MOCA nkwụsi ike na arụmọrụ ka anwalela mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ahịa na ndị ahịa. omume.Ọnụ ego ahụ dị oke elu.Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ ejirila, otu ihe mgbochi usoro etolitela.Ọ nwere ọrụ na-enweghị atụ, na mpaghara ngwa na-agbatị mgbe niile.
European Chemical Administration, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka asambodo EU Reach, nyere akụkọ na November 30, 2017. Mgbe atụnyere ihe ize ndụ nchekwa, arụmọrụ, na ọnụ ahịa ọnụahịa, ọ tụrụ aro na n'ọhịa nke polyurethane elastic body, MOCA si mma ngwaahịa ngwaahịa. Arụmọrụ, ọnụ ahịa na uru ndị ọzọ pụtara ìhè, ma ugbu a ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ.
Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasawanye polyurethane nke China malitere n'oge.N'oge mbụ, n'ihi ọkwa teknụzụ mmepụta dị ala, akụrụngwa na-adịghị ike na-adịghị ike, yana talent R&D ezughi oke, ahịa mgbasawanye polyurethane nke ụlọ ejirila maka ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche.Ruo n'afọ 1990, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta polyurethane agbụ ígwè na-emepụta ihe ịga nke ọma mebiri ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ mba ọzọ mgbe afọ R & D gasịrị na nchịkọta teknụzụ, na arụmọrụ nke ụfọdụ ngwaahịa mgbasa ozi polyurethane yinye ruru ọkwa nke ngwaahịa mba ụwa.Karịsịa, Xiangyuan ọhụrụ ihe ewerewo ụzọ na-ewu a 10,000-ton-level na-aga n'ihu MOCA mmepụta ngwaọrụ.Ogo ngwaahịa na ọkwa teknụzụ ruru ọkwa ụwa dị elu na nke ụlọ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-emepụta MOCA ụlọ enwewo ike imezu ihe achọrọ nke ionamine n'efu.MOCA granular na elu-okpomọkụ edo edo na-agbanwe MOCA na ngwaahịa usoro MOCA na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane.
"Atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na abụọ maka" Atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri na abụọ "nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane na-atụ aro na na mgbakwunye na ịgbasa ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta nke mgbasawanye yinye dị elu MOCA, nkwalite na ngwa nke ndị na-ahụ maka mgbasawanye agbụ ọhụrụ MCDEA, E-100 , HER, HQEE na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ịba ụba.Dabere na MOCA usoro ngwaahịa, na diversification nke polyurethane ihe na ngwaahịa, ndị ọzọ yinye mgbasawanye ngwaahịa nwekwara pụta, akpụ a iche iche okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na MOCA ngwaahịa.
Site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke nyocha teknụzụ na mmepe, ngwaahịa ọhụrụ nke ndị na-ahụ maka ịgbasa ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dị elu nwere uru dị iche iche na ọsọ nzaghachi, nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, ọrụ, nchekwa na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.Ngwa ejirila nke nta nke nta tozuo oke, ego ntinye na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, n'ihi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ya, gburugburu ebe obibi, àgwà ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ meghere ahịa ngwa n'ọtụtụ ebe.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na mmepe na uto nke usoro MDI na gburugburu ebe obibi, iji ọnụ ọgụgụ nke elu-performance aromatic diol dilateral dilation agents dị ka HQEE na HER na mma dakọtara na MDI usoro ejiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mụbaa, na-enye polyurethane elasticity. ọmarịcha ahụ dị mma arụmọrụ akọwapụtara dị ka nguzogide okpomọkụ na ike anya mmiri.Na mgbakwunye na imepụta ngwaahịa wụsa, ọ nwekwara ike imepụta ngwaahịa elastomic thermoplastic dị elu, nke enwere ike ịbelata.N'ebe ngwa ngwa nwere nnukwu ọrụ chọrọ maka ihe polyurethane na mba ndị mepere emepe na ụfọdụ ihe polyurethane, ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka agbụ dị ka 740m, HQEE, HER na-emewanye ngwa ngwa.Ihe mgbasawanye yinye ọhụrụ ahụ ewepụtala uru dị iche iche na ngalaba a kapịrị ọnụ, yana ọnụ ụzọ teknụzụ dị elu.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ahịa ụlọ ka dị na ọkwa nkwalite ngwa.
四, The mmepe ụkpụrụ nke polyurethane yinye mgbasawanye ụlọ ọrụ
Ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane dị na North America na Western Europe achịkọtala ọtụtụ iri afọ nke mmepe.Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ike ọrụ aka siri ike na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na ahịa ahụ tozuru oke.N'otu oge ahụ, ndị na-azụ ahịa na mpaghara ndị a nwere ihe ndị chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ dị elu maka ngwaahịa polyurethane, na ọchịchọ maka ndị na-emewanyewanye ihe ọhụrụ dị ngwa karịa MOCA.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mba ndị mepere emepe dị ka Europe na United States na-etinye isi n'ọchịchọ maka ndị ọrụ mgbasawanye agbụ ọhụrụ.
Nnukwu oriri nke polyurethane na mpaghara Asia-Pacific na mba ndị ọzọ na-apụta na-aghọ isi ihe na-eme ka ọchịchọ polyurethane zuru ụwa ọnụ.N'ime ha, mpaghara Eshia-Pacific abụrụlarị ahịa ahịa ndị ahịa polyurethane kachasị n'ụwa, na-aza ihe dịka 48% nke oke ahịa ụwa;Mba ndị ọzọ na-apụta dị ka India, Brazil, Mexico, wdg, ọchịchọ maka polyurethane n'ime ụlọ, ihe ụlọ, ihe eji eme ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-arịwanye elu.Otú ọ dị, e jiri ya tụnyere mba ndị mepere emepe na Europe na United States, ụfọdụ n'ime mpaghara ndị a na mpaghara ndị a ka nọ n'oge mmalite nke mmepụta ihe.Ha na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụahịa nke akụrụngwa na ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane ma na-eleba anya na ọnụ ahịa na ọnụ ahịa.N'ọdịnihu, n'ọdịnihu, mpaghara a ka ga-anọgide na-enwe nnukwu ọchịchọ maka MOCA dị elu.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasawanye polyurethane zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., United States Air Chemical (nweta Winchuang na 2016), na United States Coco (nke Langsheng nwetara na 2017), wdg. ., monopolized ụwa Ọtụtụ n'ime òkè ahịa nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka agbụ ígwè, ụfọdụ obere ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ọganihu nke ụlọ ọrụ - mahadum -research usoro ewepụwo site na mmetụta nke àgwà ngwaahịa na ọnụahịa, na ntinye uche nke yinye. ụlọ ọrụ mgbasawanye abawanyela.N'otu oge ahụ, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-adabere na ike isi obodo ike na nnyocha na mmepe ndabere ịgbasa ọkachamara akụrụngwa na ngwaahịa mmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ, na guzosie transnational monopoly nnukwu -scale mmepụta bases na ahịa na R & D emmepe na ebe ndị magburu onwe akụrụngwa, ahịa, na ọnọdụ ọrụ.
5. Ọnọdụ ugbu a na ntụziaka mmepe nke ndị ọrụ mgbasawanye polyurethane
Dị ka ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa maka ihe ndị dị na polyurethane, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-eme ka mgbasawanye polyurethane na usoro CASE (gụnyere mkpuchi, adhesives, sealing and elastic ozu) na ihe polyurethane.N'ime ha, polyurethane elastic body bụ polymer synthetic material n'etiti n'ozuzu roba na plastic.Ọ nwere ma nnukwu ngbanwe nke rọba na ike siri ike na ike dị elu nke plastik.5 ruo 10 ugboro), ọ nwere aha "eze nke na-eyi roba na-eguzogide ọgwụ" ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ dị mma, nguzogide mmanụ, nguzogide kemịkalụ, nguzogide mgbanwe na nkwụsi ike dị ala dị ala na mkpuchi mkpuchi.Na mgbakwunye na ụdị ịwụsa ụdị na thermoplastic polyurethane elastic body, polyurethane elastic body material gụnyekwara adhesives, coatings, sealing, paving material, sole, synthetic skin, fiber, etc. na-aghọ ihe na-agbanwe polyurethane.Site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ọkwa teknụzụ, a na-edochi polyurethane elasticity na roba, plastik, na ọla n'akụkụ dị iche iche dị ka ụgbọ ala, ogbunigwe, mbipụta, akụrụngwa, nhazi igwe, egwuregwu, na njem.
Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị mkpa, oriri nke Chinese polyurethane CASE (ahụ na-agbanwe, mkpuchi, akpụkpọ anụ sịntetik, mkpuchi na adhesives) na 2021 bụ 7.77 nde tọn, na nkezi uto kwa afọ nke 11.5% na 2016-2021 bụ 11.5%.
The elasticity nke Chinese polyurethane na 2016 bụ 925,000 ton, na mmepụta na 2021 ruru 1.5 nde tọn, na a compound kwa afọ uto ọnụego nke 10,2%;Nkezi ọnụego uto nke oriri kwa afọ bụ 12.5%.A na-eme atụmatụ na ka ọ na-erule 2025, mmepụta ahụ nke polyurethane nke mba m ga-eru nde tọn 2.059, nke ka ga-adị na mmepe ngwa ngwa.
Gburugburu ụwa, mmepụta polyurethane elastomers zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru nde tọn 2.52 na 2016 yana nde tọn 3.539 na 2021, yana mmụba ngwa ngwa kwa afọ nke 7.0%.Ka ọ na-erule 2025, a na-atụ anya na mmepụta polyurethane elastomer zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-eru nde tọn 4.495, na-egosi usoro mmepe ngwa ngwa ma kwụ ọtọ.
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) nwere ezigbo mgbochi iyi.Ike ike ya dị elu, elongated, mmanụ na-eguzogide, obere okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ihu igwe na-eguzogide, na ozone na-eguzogide bụ ihe a ma ama, na oke ike dị obosara.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ngwa ahịa nke TPU agbasawo site na ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ gaa n'ahịa ahịa dị elu dị ka ọgwụ, ụgbọ elu, na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi.Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, site na 2014 ruo 2021, nkezi mmụba ngwa ngwa kwa afọ nke mmepụta TPU na China ruru 14.5%.N'afọ 2021, mmepụta TPU nke obodo m dị ihe dị ka tọn 645,000.Obodo m abụrụla obodo mmepụta TPU kacha ukwuu n'ụwa.Mwepụta na nha mbupụ ụgbụ a na-abawanye ụba n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Site n'echiche nke ọchịchọ, ahịa TPU zuru ụwa ọnụ ka etinyere ugbu a na Europe, United States na mpaghara Asia-Pacific.N'ime ha, mpaghara Eshia nke China na-edu bụ ahịa mpaghara kachasị ọsọ na oriri TPU zuru ụwa ọnụ.Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Elastic Special Committee nke China Polyurethane Industry Association si kwuo, ngụkọta oriri nke ngwaahịa polyurethane na mba m na 2018 ruru nde tọn 11.3, nke oriri nke polyurethane elastomer (TPU + CPU) bụ ihe dịka 1.1 nde tọn % .
TPU ka bụ otu n'ime ngwaahịa na-eto ngwa ngwa na polyurethane n'ọdịnihu dị nso.Obodo m abụrụla obodo TPU kacha ukwuu n'ụwa.Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, nkezi mkpokọta afọ kwa afọ nke oriri TPU China na 2017-2021 ruru 12.9%, nke mkpokọta oriri na 2021 bụ tọn 602,000, mmụba nke 11.6% kwa afọ.Dabere na mmepụta TPU zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nde tọn 1.09 na 2021, oriri TPU ụlọ agafeela ọkara ụwa.N'ọdịnihu, mkpa nke ihe akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ihe nkiri, ọkpọkọ, na waya ga-adịkwu ike.N'ihe gbasara akụrụngwa ahụike, eriri USB na ihe nkiri, ọ ga-edochi ọzọ ihe PVC ọdịnala.O yikarịrị ka ọ ga-eji dochie EVA n'ọhịa akpụkpọ ụkwụ.A na-atụ anya na TPU ga-anọgide na 10 n'ọdịnihu 10 10 % ma ọ bụ ihe na-eto eto karịa.A na-atụ anya na oriri ya ga-eru ihe dị ka tọn 900,000 ka ọ na-erule 2026.
Site na mmụba nke nta nke nta nke mmepụta ihe, ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa polyurethane na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ala, ụdị dịgasị iche iche dị iche iche, ọchịchọ ahịa abawanyela, mmepe mmepụta ihe na-adị ngwa ngwa.N'ime oge "Atụmatụ Afọ Iri na Anọ nke Ise", ụlọ ọrụ ikpe kwesịrị ịkwalite mmepe nke ngwaahịa na ntụziaka nke mmiri, ihe mgbaze, na nnukwu ọdịnaya siri ike;mụbaa mmepe CASE na mmepe teknụzụ sịntetik nke usoro akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, na-elekwasị anya na mmiri polytianmen -to -pyrodramine polyphonus Ngwa;na-elekwasị anya n'ịme nchọpụta isi ihe na nkà na ụzụ injinịa dabeere na mmiri;imeziwanye arụmọrụ ngwaahịa, mepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ, gbasaa mpaghara ngwa, ma kwalite owuwu nke ihe owuwu ọhụrụ na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ awara awara, ọwara mmiri, nnyefe ike, wdg. Na ngwa nke ngalaba ahụike;kwalite ngwa teknụzụ nke adhesives polyurethane maka efu formaldehyde iji gbakwunye efere artificial;mepụta ihe dị iche iche, arụ ọrụ, na ọnụ ahịa dị elu - agbakwunyere ngwaahịa amonia;wusie ike nyocha na ngwa teknụzụ nke polyurethane waterproof material Ọdịdị, arụmọrụ, ogologo oge oge;Kwalite ngwa nke ihe polyurethane n'ime ụlọ ndị a na-emepụta ihe.
Isi ụzọ mmepe nke ubi elastomer bụ:
Polyurethane elastomers maka ụgbọ ala.Ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala nke oge a na-etolite n'ebe dị elu, ịdị mma dị elu, ịdị arọ dị arọ, nkasi obi na nchekwa.Ihe ndị na-emepụta roba na plastik na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ihe ndị dị na ígwè, nke na-emepe atụmanya sara mbara maka ntinye nke polyurethane elastomers.
Polyurethane elastomers maka owuwu.The omenala asphalt chere waterproof ihe e ji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie na inogide, integral ewu polyurethane waterproof ihe onwunwe;Ngwa nke egwu egwuregwu polyurethane na-abawanye ụba.Njikọ mgbasawanye nke nnukwu àkwà mmiri, onye na-ehi ụra nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na-agba ọsọ, ụzọ ụgbọ elu ọdụ ụgbọ elu na okporo ụzọ awara awara na-ejikwa nwayọọ nwayọọ mee PVC elastomer gbasie ike na ọnụ ụlọ okpomọkụ.
Polyurethane elastomer maka ojiji m.A na-achọsi ike maka ihe ndị na-adịghị mma nke nwere nnukwu ike na-eguzogide, ike dị elu na ngbanwe na coal mines, metal na ndị na-abụghị ígwè.
Polyurethane elastomer maka akpụkpọ ụkwụ.Polychloride ester elasticity nwere uru nke ịrụ ọrụ nchekwa dị mma, ịdị arọ dị arọ, nkwụsi ike na-eyi, nkwụsị skid, na ihe ndị ọzọ, aghọwo ihe nkwado dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ.
Polyurethane elastomer maka ojiji ahụike.Nkwekọrịta dị mma, ndakọrịta ọbara na enweghị mgbakwunye bụ ihe dị mkpa maka itinye ihe TPU na CPU na ngalaba ahụike.Ngwa ya na ngalaba ahụike na ahụike sara mbara.
Mpempe akwụkwọ composite polyurethane ọhụrụ.A na-atụ anya teknụzụ ihe mejupụtara ga-eweta oge mgbawa ahịa maka polyurethane elastomer.
Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasawanye polyurethane "Atụmatụ Afọ ise nke 14"
Site n'echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ, mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ogige ihe owuwu, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala, ngwa ọgụgụ isi eletrọnịkị, ike ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi emeela ka ọchịchọ nke ngwaahịa polyurethane dị ukwuu.Ndị dike polyurethane zuru ụwa ọnụ na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta nkà na ụzụ na ngwa ngwa, ma ga-anọgide na-akwalite mmepe na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa polyurethane ọhụrụ.Site na mgbasawanye nke ngwaahịa polyurethane n'ọhịa na oke nke ahịa ọdụ ụgbọ ala, ọchịchọ dịgasị iche iche maka ngwaahịa polyurethane ga-akwalite ihe ọhụrụ na mmepe nke ndị na-ahụ maka yinye polyurethane.
N'ime afọ 10 na-esote, ntinye nke ngwaahịa polyurethane na mpaghara ụfọdụ niche ga-etolite ngwa ngwa.Ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ na-enyocha na ọchịchọ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka polyurethane ga-abawanye na ọnụego 4.5% kwa afọ.N'ime ha, nkezi uto nke polyurethane chọrọ kwa afọ bụ 5.7% na mpaghara refrigeration, akpụkpọ ụkwụ, textiles, ntụrụndụ na ubi ndị ọzọ.Ọchịchọ dị n'ọhịa ngwaahịa abawanyela ntakịrị, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-abụ ihe dịka 3.3% kwa afọ.Mba ndị na-emepe emepe na mpaghara Eshia-Pacific kwadoro site na nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ iji gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'okpuru ala, na ọchịchọ maka polyurethane ga-erute ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ abụọ kwa afọ.
Dị ka akụrụngwa dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, ụlọ ọrụ mgbakwunye polyurethane nke obodo m ga-emerịrị echiche mmepe ọhụrụ ahụ.N'okpuru ebe a, isiokwu nke ịkwalite mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, na ntụziaka nke ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane iji mee ka owuwu nke usoro mmepe ọhụrụ nke "dual-cycle", na-elekwasị anya na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, obere -carbon, na dijitalụ. mgbanwe., Mee ngwa ngwa na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke oge a, kwalite "mbịbịa" nke ngwaahịa dị elu, "jide teknụzụ ndị dị elu", "mepee ụzọ ọhụrụ" na ngwaahịa ọdịnala, ma kwalite obodo m ịkwaga site na polyurethane gaa na a obodo siri ike.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, eriri polyurethane abụrụla otu n'ime akụrụngwa polyurethane dị mkpa maka nnukwu ọrụ akụrụngwa nke mba.Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke polyurethane na-abawanye ntinye ego ọhụrụ, na-etolite na ntụziaka nke nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, arụmọrụ dị elu na ịdị elu dị elu.N'ịgbado na mkpa nke ikuku, ozi eletrọnịkị, ike ọhụrụ, ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị elu, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ, nnukwu Bridges, nlekọta ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba, mgbanwe na ntinye nke mmepụta nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ nke polyurethane. n'ozuzu mmepe larịị nke polyurethane ụlọ ọrụ.
Ntuziaka mmepe nke polyurethane yinye extender ụlọ ọrụ bụ ịzụlite elu-edu, green yinye extender ngwaahịa na ihe nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi arụmọrụ.Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ dị ọcha na enweghị mmetọ na usoro mmepụta, kamakwa ọ dị mma na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na usoro iji kwalite akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke polyurethane ngwaahịa mmepụta usoro.Nke abụọ, ka n'ihu gbasaa ojiji nke ẹdude yinye extender ngwaahịa, nke mere na ẹdude ọkachamara yinye extender jupụtara ọhụrụ ngwa vitality.The nkà na ụzụ larịị nke ụfọdụ anụ ụlọ polyurethane yinye extender ụlọ ọrụ bụ hà na nke multinational ụlọ ọrụ, ma n'ihu ngwa nnyocha dị mkpa iji mee ka ndị ọzọ ọrụ ghọta na elu nke ngwaahịa, karịsịa iji kwalite mmiri mmiri aromatic diamine ngwaahịa na adaba ọrụ na magburu onwe arụmọrụ, na iji gosipụta mmetụta synergistic nke yinye ihe ndọtị iji chekwaa ike ma belata oriri na ọnụ ahịa.Nke atọ bụ n'ihu ịzụlite ngwaahịa ọhụrụ dị ka ahịa ahịa si dị, iji nye ngwaahịa ndị dị mma na nke dị elu maka ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, iji gboo mkpa nke ahịa ala na ịgbasa ngwa ngwa.
Maka ihe ndị na-agbanwe polyurethane, ihe na-eme ka agbụ agbụ bụ ihe dị mkpa na ntinye isi na nnukwu ego na uru dị elu, nke dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ ngwaahịa.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ polyurethane na ọbụna ụfụfụ plastik, polyurethane chain extender nwere mmetụta doro anya na mmelite nke arụmọrụ ngwaahịa.Na polyurethane ụlọ ọrụ, polyurethane yinye extender ahịa ohere bụ nnukwu.Iji kwalite ma na-eduzi mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ polyurethane, ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka nyocha ngwa ngwa na nkwalite nke polyurethane chain extender, na ịzụlite ụdị dị iche iche nke polyurethane dị mma n'okpuru nhazi nke ịṅa ntị na ahụike, ike ike. ịzọpụta, nchekwa na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na arụmọrụ ngwa, ka o wee nye nnukwu onyinye maka ndụ ka mma nke ụmụ mmadụ.
Oge nzipu: Feb-08-2023